The seeds of Tectona grandis Linn. are traditionally acclaimed as hair tonic in the Indian system of medicine. Studies were therefore undertaken in order to evaluate petroleum ether extract of T. grandis seeds for its effect on hair growth in albino mice. The 5% and 10% extracts incorporated into simple ointment base were applied topically on shaved denuded skin of albino mice. The time required for initiation of hair growth as well as completion of hair growth cycle was recorded. Minoxidil 2% solution was applied topically and served as positive control. The result of treatment with minoxidil 2% is 49% hair in anagenic phase. Hair growth initiation time was significantly reduced to half on treatment with the extracts compared to control animals. The treatment was successful in bringing a greater number of hair follicles (64% and 51%) in anagenic phase than standard minoxidil (49%). The results of treatment with 5% and 10% petroleum ether extracts were comparable to the positive control minoxidil.
Background: To study cost-effective and cost-benefit analysis of antibiotic prescription in patients who had enteric fever and was given intravenous ceftriaxone. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. 200 patients who have been diagnosed with enteric fever and were prescribed ceftriaxone were studied and their prescriptions were analyzed. 5 brands of most commonly prescribed ceftriaxone injections were chosen to analyse costeffective and cost-benefit analysis. Our study showed that there was a major difference of prizes between generic and 5 most commonly prescribed brands of the same drug. Use of branded drugs was associated with increase cost of treatment and in many cases was responsible for failure to take complete treatment as prescribed by treating physician. Results: This Study was conducted on 100 patients, 68 males and 32 females, diagnosed with enteric fever. Out of these patients Maximum number of patients were seen between age group of 30-40 years (34) and minimum patients belonged to age group of more than 60 years (8). Analysis of prescriptions revealed that 80 patients were prescribed Branded drugs and 20% were prescribed generic drugs. Out of these 80 patients who were prescribed branded drugs most common 5 brands were studied. The analysis of the cost of single dose of inj ceftriaxone revealed that branded drugs were 3.12 % to 200.84 % more in comparison with generic IV ceftriaxone. Analysis of cost of 1 day of treatment with IV ceftriaxone 1gm revealed similar figures. Total cost of treatment was Rs 595 for generic drug and 1790 for branded drug with maximum MRP. The Analysis of patients who discountinued treatment before completion revealed that most of them belonged to Brand E (30%) and minimum number of patients belonged to Generic group (5%.Conclusion: The cost of most commonly prescribed branded drugs was significantly higher (3%-200%) than generic drug and prescribing branded drugs was associated with failure to take complete treatment as prescribed by treating physician.
INTRODUCTIONEssential hypertension is a common cardiovascular disorder with sustained increase in blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. The elevated arterial pressure causes pathological changes in the vasculature and hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Hypertension is the principle cause of stroke that is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and its attendant complications like myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. It is also a major contributor to cardiac failure, renal insufficiency and dissecting aneurysm of aorta. 1Hypertension is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition that is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. It is an important risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is predicted to become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide by 2020.2 As per the Registrar General of India and Million Death Study investigators (2001)(2002)(2003), CVD was the largest cause of deaths in males (20.3%) as well as females (16.9%) and led to about 2 million deaths annually. In India, 23.10% men and 22.60% women over the age of 25 years suffer from hypertension. Treating systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to targets that are <140/90 mmHg is ABSTRACT Background: Objectives of the study was to study the effect of Azilsartan 40mg once daily versus Telmisartan 40mg once daily in patients with Grade I-II essential hypertension. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at MGM Medical college and Hospital which included 80 patients in each group with Grade I-II essential hypertension. The sex, age, presenting illness, and family history of the patients were recorded. Investigations such as blood sugar, urine analysis, kidney function test, lipid profile, and ECG were performed before starting the treatment. Any adverse effects during the treatment were noted. Blood pressure was recorded at baseline and during follow-up. One group received Azilsartan 40mg once daily and another group Telmisartan 40mg once daily. Patients were followed-up every week for 5 weeks. Results: Patients receiving Azilsartan 40mg and Telmisartan 40mg showed a significant fall (P <0.05) in systolic (SBP) at the end of fifth week, when compared to baseline and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significant fall at fourth and fifth week. The difference in fall in SBP and DBP was insignificant between the groups, after first, second and third week (P >0.05). Adverse effects such as Nasopharyngitis, Upper respiratory tract inflammation, Gastroenteritis, headache, dizziness, and fatigue were reported with both drugs. Conclusions: Reduction of blood pressure with Azilsartan and Telmisartan was similar, but fall in blood pressure from baseline was highly significant in both groups.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of metabolic disturbances characterised mainly characterized by hyperglycemia which usually result from the combination of resistance to insulin action
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