A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, India during Rabi (winter) seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 to evaluate the bio-efficacy of different herbicides to control diverse weed flora especially Phalaris minor in wheat. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times, and consisted of 12 treatments including four treatment as pendimethalin (0.75 kg/ ha) as pre-emergence (PE); sulfosulfuron (0.025 kg/ha), metribuzin (0.21 kg/ha), clodinafop (0.06 kg/ha) as post-emergence (PoE) used individually and six of different herbicidal combinations as pendimethalin + metribuzin (1.0 + 0.175 kg/ ha PE), pendimethalin + sulfosulfuron (1.0 + 0.018 kg/ha PE and PoE), sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (0.03 + 0.002 kg/ha at 5 WAS), pinoxaden + metsulfuron (0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 5 WAS), mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron(0.012 + 0.0024 kg/ha at 5 WAS), clodinafop + metsulfuron (0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 5 WAS), weedy check and as two hand weedings at 30 and 60 DAS. The highest mortality of weeds and the maximum grain yield of 5.00 t/ha and 4.07 t/ha with 38.2%, 31.0% increase in grain yield over weedy check were recorded with two hand weedings at 30 and 60 DAS (weed free) followed by herbicidal combination as pinoxaden + metsulfuron (0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 5 WAS) as PoE application during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. Whereas, the highest B:C ratio of (3.69) was obtained with pinoxaden + metsulfuron (pre-mix) followed by sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (3.67).
A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015 at College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) to study the effect of herbicides in blackgram. The experiment was laid out with 12 treatments, viz. imazethapyr with four application rates 70 and 80 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and 70 and 80 g/ha as post-emergence (PoE); imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 and 80 g/ha as PE, and 70 and 80 g/ ha as PoE, pendimethalin 1000 g/ha as PE, pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) 1000 g/ha PE, two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS (weed free) and weedy check in a randomized block design. Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS were found to be very efficient in controlling the dominant grassy weeds and gave maximum seed yield (924 kg/ha) fb ready mix herbicides i.e. imazethapyr + imazamox 80 g/ha as PoE (905 kg/ha) and pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000 g/ha as PE (879 kg/ha). Net returns and B:C ratio were the highest for the application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1000 g/ha PE) (3.32) fb application of imazethapyr + imazamox (80 g/ha PoE) (3.11).
An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 at College of Agriculture, Gwalior. To optimise plant population and fertility levels an experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice in
fixed plots and the test variety of the crop groundnut (Mallika) was used. The plant geometry of 30 × 10 cm, 25 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm was adopted with three fertility levels as 75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield and
economics were increased by optimization of plant geometry and nutrient management under kharif groundnut. Sowing of crop at 30×10 cm spacing resulted in 7.3 and 4.3 % higher pod yield over 25×10 cm and 20×10 cm spacing, respectively and 3.0 % higher
haulm yield over 25×10 cm. Similarly, application of 125% RDF resulted in 3.0 and 9.3 % higher pod yield over 100% RDF and 75% RDF, respectively but application of 100% RDF resulted in 18.6% higher haulm yield over 75% RDF and was at par with 125 %
RDF application. The highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio was obtained at the spacing of 30×10 cm with 125% RDF.
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