Conventional agricultural practices are very intensively utilizing synthetic agrochemicals. The resulting impact is a decrease in soil quality, thereby reducing fertilizer efficiency and plant yield. Efforts to maintain soil health include restoring organic matter. Organic fertilizers can be produced by utilizing the surrounding agricultural waste. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) can be produced from organic waste which should be chosen from high content of macro nutient. The quality of LOF could be increased by adding commercial decomposer starter or local microorganism. Organic matter of high energy should be added as well. The process of making liquid organic fertilizer is involved a fermentation process. Microbes will decompose organic material by breaking down the nutrients in the material to dissolve in solution. POC applications have been tested on various agricultural commodities. The provision of POC can increase the growth and yield of plants. In addition, the use of POC can improve soil health. Keywords : fermentation, fruit, industry, microbe, LOF, pulp, quality, vegetable, waste
Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh kombinasi NAA dan 2,4-D dengan BAP terhadap perkembangan kultur daun dan konsentrasi yang sesuai untuk induksi kalus tiga kultivar Aglaonema sp. Kultivar-kultivar yang digunakan adalah Dynamic Ruby, Snow White, dan Siam Aurora. Eksplan daun dikulturkan pada medium MS padat dengan perlakuan kombinasi NAA dan 2,4-D dengan BAP. Hasil pengamatan minggu kedelapan menunjukkan ada pengaruh perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh terhadap perubahan bentuk eksplan daun. Eksplan daun melengkung, bergelombang, membengkak, warna eksplan memucat dan membentuk kalus, tetapi hanya Aglaonema sp. cv. Dynamic Ruby yang mampu membentuk kalus. Kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh 0,1 ppm 2,4-D and 1 ppm BAP adalah kombinasi yang sesuai untuk induksi kalus untuk Aglaonema sp. cv. Dynamic Ruby. Kata Kunci: Aglaonema, NAA, 2,4-D, BAP, kalus Abstract The objective of this study were to determine the effect of combination of NAA and 2,4-D with BAP toward leaf culture development and to know the best concentration of growth regulator substance to induce callus on leaf explant of three Aglaonema cultivars. The cultivars were Dynamic Ruby, Snow White, and Siam Aurora. Leaf explants were cultured on solid MS medium with addition of various concentration combination of NAA and 2,4-D with BAP. Result of eight week observation gave significantly effect to changes shape leaf. Leaf blade was curved or rolled up, swelled, leaf color became pale strands, and formed callus, but the only cultivar which formed callus was Aglaonema sp. cv. Dynamic Ruby. The conclusion of this study was combination of growth regulator substance 0,1 ppm 2,4-D and 1 ppm BAP are the appropriate combination on callus inducing for Aglaonema sp. cv. Dynamic Ruby. Keywords: Aglaonema, NAA, 2,4-D, BAP, callus
Land degradation causes a decreasement the ability of land in suppressing the development of pathogen FOCe that causes basal rot of garlic. In the garlic planting area in Tawangmangu discovered the fact that productive-suppressive land to FOCe the disease has low incidence (<1%) and degradative-conducive land with high incidens (≥60%). The research aims to study the succession of common fungal community structure and FOCe in the rhizosphere of garlic on both land for garlic plantation. The study was conducted from April to September 2013 in productive-suppressive land (Pancot) and degradative-conducive (Gondosuli) for soil sampling and laboratory analysis in Biologi Tanah UNS for fungi and FOCe analysis. The composite method used for sampling and the garlic rhizosphere samples which is had healthy plants conditions aged 0, 20, 40, and 60 days after planting (DAP), and the garlic rhizosphere samples with healthy plants and diseased condition aged 80, 100, and 120 days after planting (DAP). Laboratory analysis using PDA culture medium as common fungi growing medium and SFA as a growing medium FOCe then observed population density and diversity. The method was pour plate method with 10 -2 to 10 -7 dilution. The results showed the population and diversity of fungi and FOCe have dynamics fluctuation. The fungi population in productive-suppressive land lower than degradative-conducive, with each value 10 8 and 3,5x10 8 CFU gram-1 soil. FOCe population on degradative-conducive land was higher than productive-suppressive land, and the highest population in both land at age 20 and 100 DAP with a FOCe density of each land about 1,25x10 7 and 1,66x10 7 CFU gram-1 soil. During the growth periode of garlic, the fungi diversity on productivesuppressive land always indicate higher than degradative-conducive land.
Radioactivity levels have been measured in sediment samples, Echornia crassipes and Anadara granosa at the Surabaya river estuary. Measurement data were obtained by spectrophotometric method, which is a way of measuring and identifying radionuclides through observations of the spectrum emitted with detector material. The results of measurements and calculations that have been done show that the mean concentration of activity a, b, g (gross) in water in the Morokrembangan estuary and Kenjeran river estuary is still below the threshold value of group C waters quality. Radionuclide identification results indicate the presence of natural radionuclides K 40 , Tl 208 and Pb 212 , whereas artificial radionuclides Pu 239 and Cs 137 were not detected in all samples.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.