Core Ideas Soil water release curve is important but difficult to measure. HYPROP and WP4 are used to develop the soil water release curves for three soils. HYPROP and WP4 provided a good and simple way to measure soil water release curves. A soil water release curve (SWRC) describes the critical and soil‐specific relationship between soil water content and matric potential. In this study, soil moisture and corresponding matric potentials were measured using (1) a new method by HYPROP and WP4 dewpoint potentiometer, and, (2) the traditional method by hanging water column, Tempe cell, and pressure plate. The SWRCs were developed for Fargo silty clay, Glyndon silty loam, and Hecla sandy loam soils by using the van Genuchten model. The goodness of fit between the fitted SWRC and the measured data agreed well with R2 between 0.91 and 0.98. The comparison for the fitted SWRCs showed that the SWRCs for Hecla sandy loam soil provided the best agreement while Glyndon silty loam soil had the best match in terms of slope and shape. The SWRCs for Fargo silty clay soil did not provide a good match between the two methods. The difference in water content between the two fitted SWRCs was less than 2% for Glyndon silty loam and Hecla sandy loam soils. However, Fargo silty clay had a 4.5 to 5% difference for 66% of the measurements, possibly due to the different bulk densities caused by shrinkage and swelling nature of the clay soil. Since the best fitted van Genuchten parameters were within the reference range that was acceptable for the same type of soils, the HYPROP and WP4 can be used to develop SWRCs that are comparable to the traditional laboratory methods for the three soils in the Red River Valley.
In the changing climatic condition, temperature is the most vulnerable parameter and is projecting a trend of increase in the future. Crop growth and development process depend largely on air temperature. This study aims to determine the role of increasing air temperature in yield, crop water requirement (CWR), and other agronomic parameters of irrigated rice. Ceres-rice model associated in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) was used in 15 different locations of Bangladesh. Grain yield, growth duration, and crop water requirement of widely cultivated irrigated rice (Boro rice) variety BRRI dhan28 were analysed in normal temperature and elevated air temperature by 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, and 4°C. The result revealed detrimental effect of elevated temperature on growth duration and grain yield. The estimated highest growth duration reduction of 30 days was found in Moulvibazar for 4°C temperature rise. The grain yield reduction was projected by 0–17%, 16–35%, 31–49%, and 39–61% from the normal condition if the seasonal mean temperature increased by 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, and 4°C, respectively. The country average crop water requirement was found to be 405 mm of which the highest 445 mm and the lowest 358 mm were recorded in Moulvibazar and Chandpur, respectively. The study revealed that the country average rice CWR reduced by 5%, 8%, 12%, and 17% over the normal condition for 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, and 4°C rising temperature, respectively. For 1°C temperature rise, BRRI dhan28 life span shortened by 6.4 days, grain yield reduced by 695 kg, and estimated CWR decreased by 14 mm. The projected declining CWR indicated that irrigated rice will require less irrigation water, but it will cause considerable yield loss under elevated temperature. Though elevated temperature will save huge irrigation water used in country-wide Boro rice cultivation, the crop developers need to introduce new heat-tolerant cultivar to minimize yield loss.
An experiment was conducted at farmers' field aimed to evaluate the water saving technologies in Boro rice. The experiment involved three plots at 33 m, 65 m and 100 m distance from the water source. Each plot was divided into two parts to accommodate two management practices as research management (RM) and farmer's management (FM). RM comprised of plastic pipe water distribution system to reduce conveyance loss and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method for field water management. FM comprised of earthen canal water distribution system and conventional irrigation method. BRRI dhan28 was cultivated with recommended agronomic practices. In RM, irrigation was applied when water level went 15 cm down below the ground surface where FM included conventional practice. Result showed that conveyance loss of water in earthen canal increased with increasing the distance from water source to field. Conveyance loss found 6.1 and 0.5 l s -1 per 100 m in earthen canal and plastic pipe distribution system, respectively. Plastic pipe distribution system successfully minimized 91.6% water loss that occurred in earthen canal. AWD practice alone saved 20.2% field water over conventional practice. Combination of AWD and plastic pipe had saved 42% water, Tk 2,270 ha -1 as electricity cost and Tk 2,947 ha -1 as irrigation cost over farmer's management. RM had higher yield than FM due to better performance of yield contributing parameters. Water productivity increased from 0.35 kg m -3 in FM to 0.65 kg m -3 in RM. Both the technologies in RM are environment friendly for reducing groundwater use in the irrigated ecosystem.
Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) is an indigenous delicious, nourishing fruit grown widely throughout the India but faces heavy fruit drop due to several biotic and abiotic stress factors resulted in declining trend of ber production over the year. Keeping these facts in foreground, replicated field experiment was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at HRS, Mondouri, BCKV, West Bengal with eleven treatments consist two different levels of NAA, GA 3 , 2,4-D, ZnSO 4 and H 3 BO 3 along with a control (water spray). Results of investigation revealed that application of 2,4-D @ 10 mg/l recorded highest fruit set (48.80%). Maximum fruit retention (42.83%) and total no. of fruits/tree (514) were obtained with the application of NAA @ 20 mg/l. Application of GA 3 @ 20 mg/l recorded significantly (p≤0.05) higher yield (30.67 kg/tree), fruit weight (60.5 g), fruit length (5.8 cm), fruit breadth (5.1 cm), pulp to seed ratio (13.9) and specific gravity (1.104) as well as economic returns over control during both the year of experiment. Among the treatments H 3 BO 3 at 0.4% recorded the highest TSS (11.7°Brix), total sugar (8.33%), reducing sugar (5.21%) and TSS: Acid (107.36) ratio with lowest fruit acidity (0.10 %) whereas highest vitamin-C content of fruit was recorded with GA 3 at 20 mg/l (64.68 mg / 100 g) followed by NAA at 20 mg/l. Results suggest that twice spraying of GA 3 @ 20 mg/l and H 3 BO 3 at 0.4% is vital for optimizing yield components, yield and quality of ber (cv. BAU Kul-1) in trans-Gangetic plains of West Bengal.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.