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1Precision irrigation involves the accurate and precise application of water to meet the 2 specific requirements of individual plants or management units and minimize adverse 3 environmental impact. Under precision irrigation applications, water and associated solute 4 movement will vary spatially within the root zone and excess water application will not 5 necessarily result in deep drainage and leaching of salt below the root zone. This paper 6 estimates that 10% of the irrigated land area (producing as much as 40% of the total annual 7 revenue from irrigated land) could be adversely affected by root zone salinity resulting 8 from the adoption of precision irrigation within Australia. The cost of increases in root 9 zone salinisation due to inappropriate irrigation management in the Murray and 10Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas was estimated at AUD245 m (in 2000/01 dollars) or 13.5% 11 of the revenue from these cropping systems. A review of soil-water and solute movement 12 under precision irrigation systems highlights the gaps in current knowledge including the 13 mismatch between the data required by complex, process-based soil-water or solute 14 simulation models and the data that is easily available from soil survey and routine soil 15