This paper concerns itself with two conceptual metaphors DEATH IS A JOURNEY and DEATH AS REST in reference to the dead, death and dying in EkeGusii Euphemism. The metaphors take the two concepts of journey and rest as source domains while death is used as a target domain. EkeGusii euphemistic substitutes are analyzed into the metaphors DEATH IS A JOURNEY and DEATH AS REST using the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor as initiated by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The findings reveal that most of the EkeGusii euphemistic substitutes in the conceptual metaphors DEATH IS A JOURNEY and DEATH AS REST have religious undertones. Further, these metaphors focus more on life than on death. Finally, the conceptual metaphors DEATH IS A JOURNEY and DEATH AS REST illustrate a clear negation of death. Therefore, EkeGusii euphemism utilizes these two metaphors to mask death and the effects that arise out of the dying. This in turn is used as a consolation to the bereaved as they come to terms with the dead, dying and death
Bantu languages are known for their agglutinative nature and complex verbal morphology. A single verbal complex has several affixes including the subject markers (SMs) and object markers (OMs). The precise status of the SMs and OMs in Bantu remains unresolved. These markers have been analysed as agreement markers in some languages while in others, they are analysed as incorporated pronominals and in other languages as clitics. The objective of this paper is to determine whether these markers should be analysed as agreement markers, incorporated pronominals or clitics in EkeGusii. Findings reveal that the SM is an agreement marker when the overt lexical subject Determiner Phrase (DP) co-occurs with the SM and an incorporated pronoun in null subject constructions. Accordingly, the paper posits that the SM is both an agreeement marker and an incorporated pronominal in EkeGusii. The OM is an incorporated pronominal because the doubling of the OM and the corresponding lexical DP is not licensed in EkeGusii. In analysing the status of SMs and OMs, the morphological and syntactic evidence provided shows that these markers are more of affixes than clitics in this language.
This paper analyses the role of context in interpretation of political utterances on hate speech in Kenya. The political landscape in Kenya has been characterized by multiparty politics since early 1980's. When the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party won the 1992 general election amidst stiff rivalry from other political parties, some of the political parties that lost the election to KANU decided to merge into political coalitions so as to remove KANU from power. The end result of this political scenario has been a heightened political rivalry between coalitions of political parties. This rivalry is characterized by fierce exchange of political discourse with hardline ideologies resulting into a polarized Kenyan nation. This kind of political environment in Kenya has culminated into events such as the infamous Post-Election Violence of 2007/2008. One of the factors that have been widely speculated to account for the animosity amongst Kenyans is hate speech perpetuated in political utterances. This paper analyses selected political utterances on hate speech to demonstrate that politicians in Kenya heavily rely on context to encode hate speech messages in their political utterances while making the utterance meaning obscure. The paper attempts to show how context is therefore central to pragmatic interpretation of political utterances on hate speech. In fulfilling these objectives, the paper applies principles advanced in Relevance Theory by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson (1985Wilson ( , 1996Wilson ( & 2004 in the pragmatic interpretation of political utterances on hate speech. Content analysis procedures were used in the selection of relevant data from pre-election campaign speeches rendered during the 2013
The objective of this paper is to discuss the perception of court interpreters towards their role in courtroom communication. The paper is based on the premise that court interpreters are influenced by certain roles which they have to adhere to. Based on the concepts of these roles, this paper evaluates the perception of the interpreters in terms of accuracy, omissions, interruptions and impartiality when negotiating between Dholuo and English languages. The paper shows that the interpreters have almost similar perception about their roles.
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