In this paper, we describe experiments conducted to explain observed differences in the bright pupil response of human eyes_ Many people observe the bright pupil response as the red-eye effect when taking flash photography.However, there is significant variation in the magnitude of the bright pupil response across the population. Since many commercial gaze-tracking systems use the infrared bright pupil response for eye detection, a clear understanding of the magnitude and cause of the bright pupil variation gives critical insight into the robustness of gaze tracking systems. This paper documents studies we have conducted to measure the bright pupil differences using infrared light and hypothesis factors that lead to these differences.
We describe a multimodal attentive environment system that performs joint audio-visual information processing to enable it to interact intelligently with people. It integrates real-time video and audio processing techniques to detect and track multiple persons in the scene. Speech recognition and eye contact are used to develop a natural human-like communication interface with participants. We have implemented the system as a visually interactive toy robot (VTOYS) and demonstrated it successfully to many people belonging to different age classes. This allows us to explore novel ways of human-machine interactions and novel interfaces -specifically, the new possibilities of the human-machine interaction for the case of the machine having a limited environment perception ability.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.