Resumo Objetivo Descrever o estágio do envelhecimento populacional no município do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos Estudo ecológico tendo como unidades de observação os 160 bairros que compõem o município, utilizando indicadores sociais e demográficos construídos a partir de informações do Censo 2010. Realizou-se análise exploratória por meio de mapas temáticos e determinou-se a dependência espacial pelo Índice de Moran Global. Para agrupar bairros em estágios semelhantes do envelhecimento foi realizada uma análise de agrupamento a partir do método K-means. Resultados Encontraram-se três grupos de bairros em estágios diferentes de envelhecimento populacional, identificando-se uma tendência espacial no sentido oeste-leste com os bairros da “Zona Sul” se encontrando no estágio mais avançado de envelhecimento. Conclusão O estudo identificou as diferenças no processo de envelhecimento populacional e na composição etária dos bairros, apontando para a necessidade de políticas de saúde pública específicas que contemplem as particularidades desse processo em cada localidade, visando garantir um envelhecimento sustentável.
Background Determinants at several levels may affect breastfeeding practices. Besides the known historical, socio-economic, cultural, and individual factors, other components also pose major challenges to breastfeeding. Predicting existing patterns and identifying modifiable components are important for achieving optimal results as early as possible, especially in the most vulnerable population. The goal of this study was building a tree-based analysis to determine the variables that can predict the pattern of breastfeeding at hospital discharge and at 3 and 6 months of age in a referral center for high-risk infants. Methods This prospective, longitudinal study included 1003 infants and was conducted at a high-risk public hospital in the following three phases: hospital admission, first visit after discharge, and monthly telephone interview until the sixth month of the infant’s life. Independent variables were sorted into four groups: factors related to the newborn infant, mother, health service, and breastfeeding. The outcome was breastfeeding as per the categories established by the World Health Organization (WHO). For this study, we performed an exploratory analysis at hospital discharge and at 3 and at 6 months of age in two stages, as follows: (i) determining the frequencies of baseline characteristics stratified by breastfeeding indicators in the three mentioned periods and (ii) decision-tree analysis. Results The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was 65.2% at hospital discharge, 51% at 3 months, and 20.6% at 6 months. At hospital discharge and the sixth month, the length of hospital stay was the most important predictor of feeding practices, also relevant at the third month. Besides the mother’s and child’s characteristics (multiple births, maternal age, and parity), the social context, work, feeding practice during hospitalization, and hospital practices and policies on breastfeeding influenced the breastfeeding rates. Conclusions The combination algorithm of decision trees (a machine learning technique) provides a better understanding of the risk predictors of breastfeeding cessation in a setting with a large variability in expositions. Decision trees may provide a basis for recommendations aimed at this high-risk population, within the Brazilian context, in light of the hospital stay at a neonatal unit and period of continuous feeding practice.
The world is now facing the most severe health, social, and economic event of the last hundred years, which has made the need to acquire statistical thinking to interpret the information disseminated on a daily basis by the media clear to society. This article proposes a discussion on the role that statistics education might play in supporting the acquisition of such knowledge, contributing to the development of critical citizens, aware of their social responsibility. In this context, we present examples of curves and other charts to demonstrate how to use the several levels defined by experts in reading and interpreting the charts. At a more advanced level, these examples will allow discussion on the impacts of this epidemic on the most vulnerable population in Brazil. The charts presented reveal a great regional inequality, suggesting that mortality due to the virus is distinguished by region and micro-region when considering access to hospital beds. The examples signpost ways for educators to be able to develop projects or research based on the discussion on the reality of the pandemic, the necessary public policies, and how political coordination grounded on science and on a humanitarian vision would have mitigated the Brazilian tragedy.
Percepção de risco de adoecimento por COVID-19 entre trabalhadores de unidades de saúdeRisk perception of contracting among healthcare workers ResumoObjetivos: avaliar a validade dimensional da escala de percepção de risco de adoecimento por COVID-19 e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e com queixas de sono, entre trabalhadores da saúde. Métodos: estudo seccional, com trabalhadores da saúde do Rio de Janeiro que, entre maio e agosto de 2020, preencheram questionário online sobre seu trabalho, percepção de risco de adoecimento por COVID-19 e comportamentos de saúde. Utilizou-se análise fatorial e modelos de regressão logística binomial e multinomial, ajustados por variáveis de confusão. Resultados: participaram 2.996 trabalhadores. A análise fatorial corroborou a unidimensionalidade da escala. Chances mais elevadas de alta percepção de risco foram observadas entre mulheres, os que cuidavam de crianças/idosos, aqueles com jornada de trabalho > 40h/semana e trabalhadores das Unidades Básicas de Saúde, Unidades de Pronto Atendimento, hospitais gerais e especializados. A alta percepção de risco associou-se à alteração na duração do sono (OR = 2,39; IC95% = 1,95; 2,94), uso (OR = 2,08; IC95% = 1,67; 2,58) e aumento da dose de medicamentos para dormir (OR = 1,91; IC95% = 1,47; 2,48). Conclusão: a percepção de risco esteve associada ao sexo feminino, cuidar de crianças/idosos, maior jornada de trabalho, queixas de sono e uso de medicamentos para dormir. A investigação dos fatores associados a eventos estressantes, como a pandemia da COVID-19, pode corroborar o planejamento de ações para a prevenção de doenças entre trabalhadores de saúde.Palavras-chave: COVID-19; trabalhadores da saúde; risco ocupacional; estudos transversais; saúde do trabalhador.
All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0. Série Informação para ação na Covid-19 Parte III -Os profissionais da saúde e a pandemia de covid-19 21. Sofrimento mental e trabalho na pandemia de covid-19: com a palavra, profissionais da saúde de UTIs e emergências no Rio de Janeiro
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