Cell metabolism heavily relies on the redox reactions that inevitably generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is now well established that ROS fluctuations near basal levels coordinate numerous physiological processes in living organisms, thus exhibiting regulatory functions. Hydrogen peroxide, the most long-lived ROS, is a key contributor to ROS-dependent signal transduction in the cell. H 2 O 2 is known to impact various targets in the cell, therefore the question of how H 2 O 2 modulates physiological processes
Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved in a highly specific manner is central in redox biology. To resolve this question, novel genetic tools have recently been created for detecting H 2 O 2 and emulating its generation in living organisms with unmatched spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review H 2 O 2 -sensitive genetically encoded fluorescent sensors and opto-and chemogenetic tools for controlled H 2 O 2 generation.
We demonstrate a versatile single-laser platform for single-beam dual-color two-photon spectroscopy that combines a short-pulse laser source with a tunable broadband wavelength converter based on a highly nonlinear photoniccrystal fiber (PCF). We show that the short-pulse PCF output can be tailored, via dispersion and nonlinearity management, to deliver a broadband optical driver whose spectral structure is ideally suited for a single-beam two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy of the next-generation genetically encodable fluorescent-protein (FP) sensors of pH and redox-responsive contrast agents. As a promising spectroscopic resource for redox biology, the short-pulse PCF output can be finely sculpted to alternately drive an FP system via a one of its two 2PA-allowed quantum pathways, yielding a high-contrast fluorescence readout for a highly sensitive detection of redox reactions and signaling, pH sensing, and oxidative-stress diagnosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.