This study aims to characterize a new type of cement, produced from the mixture of common Portland cements, which could be used as an option in the cementing of oil wells. To enable this study a linear programming method was used for the composition of the new cement, then, characterization tests were performed through particle size analysis by laser diffraction, chemical analysis by EDX, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, setting time, compressive strength. The results allowed the conclusion that the new formulated cement presented low C3A content, time setting superior to the Portland Cement for Oil Well, thermal stability up to 500 °C, low hydration kinetics and content of the main components coherent to the ABNT specifications.
The incorporation of waste from various industrial activities in ceramic products comes as a technological alternative to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the indiscriminate disposal of wastes in the environment. The kaolin and granite processing industries have been mentioned as sources of contamination and pollution, due to the enormous amounts of wastes they produce. The use of these wastes as raw material and its transformation into products that can be commercialized and/or show economic viability, presents as an alternative to the industries. The aim of this work was to use ceramic masses incorporated with kaolin waste (35%), granite (35%) and bentonite (30%) for the confection of tubular ceramic membranes using extrusion as production process. The ceramic mass was characterized through analysis techniques of thermogravimetric, chemical, particle size and X-ray. The membranes produced, after sintering in temperatures of 850, 900, 950 and 1000oC, were submitted to characterizations of scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry and permeability test by tangential flow. The preliminary result of the particle size analyses identified that the ceramic mass presents an average particle diameter of 37.00μm. The membranes presented porosity of approximately 32%, and average pore diameter within the ultrafiltration range.
For this workmixtureswere madewith three types ofPortland cement (CPII,CPIII, and CPIV), which were chosen because theyexhibit: good mechanical properties,lower heat ofhydrationgeneratedin the reaction, greater impermeability, greater resistance to environmentsaggressive.The objectwas to improve themechanical strengthofcementpasteswith the helpof experimental design. Ten different compositionswere prepared, which were tested forcompressivestrengthat 1 and14 days ofcuring. The results illustrated that the first day; the composition showed that the best result was composed of 50% of CP II and 50% of CP III. Already at 14 days, a paste made with 100% of CP III showed better results followed by composition made with 50%CP II and CP III 50%.
The ceramic industry is one of the most important productive chains of the State of Pará, generating both money and employment. Kaolin has many industrial applications and new uses are constantly surveyed. Although the extraction and processing of kaolin contribute to the economy growth, the activity also provokes serious environmental issues. Being aware of the environmental problem caused by the inadequate decomposition of kaolin residues from the beneficiation process of these minerals, which pollute and attack the environment, this paper aims the chemical, physical and mineralogical characterization of the kaolin residue from the post-treatment disposal provided by CADAM S/A company. The main oxides in the residues were SiO2and Al2O3. In the X-ray diffraction analysis it was verified that the kaolin residue is basically formed by kaolinite and quartz, in the particle size analysis it was observed that the medium size of the particle was of 1,77 μm.
The use of the Rietveld refinement method has been highlightened as essential in the characterization of polycrystalline materials. With the aid of this method, combined with the application of the X-ray diffraction, it was possible to develop a type of cement that can temporarily substitute the Portland cement for Oil well. This cement was developed from the mixture of Portland cements commonly found in the market. The cements were passed through various sieves, then characterized by X-ray diffraction, being identified the main phases (C3A, C4AF, C3S and C2S) and quantified by the Rietveld refinement method. With the values obtained in the quantification of the phases, a new cement was made through the method of linear programming. From the results, it was possible to conclude that the developed cement presented a composition (levels of the main phases) that satisfies the requirements of NBR 9831, mainly in relation to the low levels of C3A.
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