This paper investigates the impact of: i) the Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) and Dynamic Voltage Support (DVS) capability; ii) the active current recovery rate; iii) the local voltage control; and iv) the plant-level voltage control of large-scale PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems on Short-Term (ST) voltage stability and Fault-Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR). Moreover, the influence on transient and frequency stability is studied briefly. To evaluate FIDVR, a novel metric, the socalled Voltage Recovery Index (VRI), is defined. The studies are performed with the WECC generic PV system model on an IEEE voltage stability test system, namely the Nordic test system. The results show that without LVRT capability the system is ST voltage and transient unstable. Only the LVRT and DVS capability help to avoid ST voltage and transient instability.Considering voltage and frequency dynamics, an active current recovery rate of 100 %/s shows the best performance. To further enhance voltage dynamics, plant-level voltage control together with local coordinated reactive power/voltage control should be applied. Moreover, the VRI provides useful information about the FIDVR and helps to compare different ST voltage controls.Index Terms-Fault-induced delayed voltage recovery, dynamic reactive power support, dynamic grid support, fault ridethrough, induction motors, large-scale photovoltaic plants. I. INTRODUCTIONA. Motivation T HE electrical power system has undergone fundamental changes due to the increasing penetration of inverter based generation, i.e., wind and PhotoVoltaic (PV) generation. The dynamic characteristics of these technologies are different from conventional synchronous generators, which may impact the performance of the power system.
For demonstrating future smart grid concepts the MetaPV project, funded by the European Commission, is investigating the additional services of smart photovoltaic (PV) systems for grid support and hosting capacity extension. In this paper the concept of hosting capacity is introduced and illustrated to analyze the impact of expected PV development scenarios on the distribution network selected for the demonstration. Investigations showed that the hosting capacity is currently almost fully exhausted and that network reinforcement would be necessary in order to host the expected PV generation by 2020. Also, the concept of smart PV inverters, which are under development in the frame of the project, is introduced. Such inverters should support network operation through their active and reactive power control possibilities for standalone and supervisory operations and enable the enhancement of the hosting capacity. A short overview on the next steps towards demonstration is provided.Aktive Beteiligung von PV-Wechselrichtern zur Spannungsregelung -von einer Smart Grid-Vision zur ganzheitlichen Implementierung. Zur Demonstration zukü nftiger Smart-Grid-Konzepte werden im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes MetaPV, das von der Europä ischenKommission gefö rdert wird, die zusä tzlichen Leistungen von Smart Photovoltaik(PV)-Anlagen zur Netzstü tzung und Erhö hung der Netzaufnahmekapazitä t untersucht. In dieser Verö ffentlichung wird der Begriff der Aufnahmekapazitä t vorgestellt und erlä utert. Die Auswirkungen der erwarteten PV-Entwicklungsszenarien auf Versorgungsnetze werden analysiert. Simulationstechnische Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Aufnahmekapazitä t fast vollstä ndig ausgeschö pft wird und dass Netzausbau unabdingbar ist, um die erwartete PV-Entwicklung bis 2020 im Versorgungsnetz aufnehmen zu kö nnen. Ferner wird das Konzept von Smart PVWechselrichtern eingefü hrt, die im Rahmen des Projekts entwickelt werden. Solche Wechselrichter stü tzen durch die Regelung von Wirk-und Blindleistung das Netz in sowohl Standalone-als auch fernü berwachungsgeregeltem Betrieb (ü bergeordnete Regelung), wodurch die Netzaufnahmekapazitä t erhö ht und der Netzausbau vermieden wird. Eine kurze Ü bersicht ü ber die nä chsten Schritte zur Demonstration wird gezeigt.
The voltage rise caused by photovoltaic (PV) power feed-in is one of the main network constraints limiting the PV penetration in distribution networks. In this paper, a local voltage control approach for PV inverters based on reactive power management is proposed and investigated into detail. Through a parametric study, various inverter settings are considered and compared for a real medium voltage network with a high PV penetration level and for which a demonstration is planned within the project MetaPV. The purpose of this work is to investigate the suitability of such control concepts to compensate the voltage rise caused by the PV power feed-in and to provide some guidance on the adjustment of the settings of such control mechanisms. For the assessment of the performance of the control concept with different settings, extensive load flow simulations have been performed for a voltage-dependent reactive power control (Q(V) characteristics) on the basis of 15-minute profiles. As a result, voltage time-series over a period of 1 year are obtained for each case and analysed into details. Apart from the voltage profiles, other features such as network losses and reactive energy import have been quantified because they are also of noticeable importance for network operators. The simulation results show that suitable settings are necessary to maintain the voltage within the prescribed limits. A comparison between the considered cases shows that reactive power control Q(V) with a power factor down to 0.9 is necessary to achieve satisfying results. The use of a dead-band is recommended for the voltage-dependent reactive power control in order to limit the losses and reactive energy import.
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