We studied the diversity and level of infestation of fruit flies in mango orchards in a semi -arid region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Surveys were conducted in orchards in the irrigated perimeter of Jaíba municipality in northern Minas Gerais, from November 2016 to November 2017. Sampling was conducted by collecting mangoes and trapping flies in McPhail traps. Of the total adult flies obtained (9,033), 8,902 specimens were Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), making it the predominant species collected in the traps (91.3%). ‘Palmer’ mango fruits were only infested with C. capitata, and showed high infestation rates (15.14 puparia kg-1 of fruit). The population peak of C. capitata coincided with the occurrence of mature mango fruits in the orchards. C. capitata was the most frequent and constant species identified in the survey and can be considered a dominant species.
Com o avanço dos programas de melhoramento genético, houve o estreitamento da base genética das plantas cultivadas, em especial do girassol, necessitando-se da identificação de materiais mais contrastantes para futuros cruzamentos explorando o efeito heterótico. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar os genótipos de girassol SYN 045, BRS 323, BRS G52, BRS G53, BRS G54, BRS G55, BRS G 56 e BRS G57, com o objetivo de detectar o mais adaptado à região norte de Minas Gerais, bem como a divergência genética existente entre eles. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Índice térmico para floração; Índice térmico para maturação fisiológica; Altura de Planta; Curvatura de Caule; Tamanho do capítulo; Número de plantas acamadas; Número de plantas quebradas; População final de plantas; Massa de 1000 aquênios e Produtividade de aquênios. O genótipo BRS G55 apresentou maior conjunto de características desejáveis tendo em vista as condições climáticas da região.
This study evaluated the toxic effects of organic extracts of Calotropis procera leaves on the survival, development, and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda. Solutions of crude methanol extract and hexane and methanol fractions of C. procera leaves were added at 1.15% and 2.14% concentrations to the artificial diet of S. frugiperda. The mortality and duration of larval and pupal phases, weights of female and male pupae, deformations of pupae and adults, the reduction of adults able to reproduce, pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, the number of postures per female, and the fecundity and fertility of S. frugiperda females were also evaluated. The extracts harmed the survival, development, and reproduction of S. frugiperda. The ingestion of extracts and fractions by caterpillars affected adults by decreasing the oviposition period, the number of postures, fecundity, and fertility. The crude MeOH extract at a 2.14% concentration harmed the evaluated parameters of the insect, except for pupal mortality, female pupae weight, and pre-oviposition period. The MeOH fraction at 2.14% caused a 50.0% mortality of caterpillars and 16.0% deformation in pupae and 33.0% in adults, reducing by 72.0% the population able to reproduce. The MeOH fraction at the 2.14% concentration caused 25.0% and 38.0% of pupal mortality and deformation, respectively. Calotropis procera has promising insecticidal properties for a biological insecticide, a convenient and sustainable strategy for protecting plants against S. frugiperda.
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