ResumoAo longo dos últimos 30 anos, as tradicionais variedades crioulas foram substituídas por cultivares híbridas, com maior potencial produtivo, mas que exigem mais tecnologia para expressar seu potencial produtivo e consequentemente há um aumento considerável no custo de produção, tornando-se inacessível a grande parte dos pequenos Desempenho Agronômico de MilhoCrioulo em Diferentes Níveis de Adubação no Sul do Brasil Renan Bianchetto, et al. 529 Rev. Elet. Cient. UERGS, v. 3, n. 3, p. 528-545, 2017
O Brasil está entre os maiores produtores e exportadores mundiais de carne suína, com projeções de chegar a 3,7 Mt, em 2024. No entanto, esse cenário de expansão no setor se traduz também em produção de grande quantidade de resíduos de abate, muitas vezes conducente à contaminação do solo por metais e organismos patogênicos. Perante este contexto, faz-se necessário a utilização de estratégias que amenizem o potencial poluidor e que permitam o aproveitamento desse tipo de resíduo orgânico, através do uso na agricultura. Entre essas estratégias, processos de estabilização que possam auxiliar na eliminação ou redução para níveis seguros desses metais e organismos patogênicos podem ser uma possibilidade para o aproveitamento desse material como fonte orgânica de nutrientes para as plantas, através de sua utilização como fertilizante orgânico ou substrato para mudas, pelo seu potencial nutricional. Estudos que relatam o aproveitamento de resíduos de abatedouros provenientes da indústria de carnes como composto orgânico na agricultura são ainda insuficientes. Nesse sentido, a presente revisão bibliográfica tem por objetivo apresentar os problemas causados pelos resíduos de abatedouro de suínos quando aplicados irregularmente no solo, bem como alternativas para o seu aproveitamento na agricultura.
Pork is the most consumed animal protein around the world. The production levels are significant, which results in the generation of large amounts of slaughter waste. Such waste is often disposed of improperly in agricultural areas, causing environmental imbalance by the contamination of soil and water sources with metals and pathogenic organisms. This study evaluates the phytotoxic effects of pig slaughterhouse waste in natura and after stabilization processes on lettuce (Lactuca sativa Linnaeus, 1753), radish (Raphanus sativus Linnaeus, 1753), and rice (Oryza sativa Linnaeus, 1753), in addition to shoot nutrient contents. To do this, the waste was evaluated through phytotoxicity tests on lettuce, radish, and rice plants in natura (PSWin) as well as after aerated composting (PSWa), natural composting (PSWn), and vermicomposting (PSWv). The evaluations were done through germination, root length, plant development, and shoot nutrient analysis. We found that PSWin and PSWa negatively affected germination, root length, and plant development. Shoot nutrient contents varied greatly among treatments, some of which were above, below, or within the recommended limits. Based on these results, we infer that pig slaughterhouse waste in natura and after aerated composting is phototoxic to lettuce, radish, and rice plants. Phosphorus and sulfur exhibited contents above those recommended in all the treatments for lettuce, radish, and rice. On the other hand, potassium and calcium contents were below the recommended thresholds.
High concentrations of copper in the soil are toxic to the development of plants and microorganisms. The aim of this study was to select arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi efficient for the development and yield of soybeangrown in copper-contaminated soil. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 7 × 4 factorial arrangement corresponding to seven rates of copper (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, and 480 mg kg-1 of soil) and four inocula (uninoculated control and three mycorrhizal fungi, namely, Acaulospora colombiana, Dentiscutata heterogama and Rhizophagus clarus), in seven replicates. Shoot height; collar diameter; number of grains per plant; shoot and root-system dry mass; leaf area; specific root surface; copper content and accumulation in the shoots, roots, and grain; chlorophyll parameters; and mycorrhizal colonization percentage were evaluated. Inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Acaulospora colombiana, Dentiscutata heterogama and Rhizophagus clarus increases the phenological and physiological parameters of soybean and its yield when grown in soil contaminated with up to 480 mg kg-1 of copper applied to the soil. The Rhizophagus clarus isolate provides greater development and yield in soybean grown in soil contaminated with up to 480 mg kg-1 of copper applied to the soil, as compared with the other isolates.
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