Governments have proposed text warning labels to decrease consumption of sugary drinks-a contributor to chronic diseases such as diabetes. However, they may be less effective than more evocative, graphic warning labels. We field-tested the effectiveness of graphic warning labels (vs. text warning labels, calorie labels, and no labels), provided insight into psychological mechanisms driving effectiveness, and assessed consumer sentiment. Study 1 indicated that graphic warning labels reduced the share of sugary drinks purchased in a cafeteria from 21.4% at baseline to 18.2%-an effect driven by substitution of water for sugary drinks. Study 2 showed that graphic warning labels heighten negative affect and prompt consideration of health consequences. Study 3 indicated that public support for graphic warning labels can be increased by conveying effectiveness information. These findings could spur more effective labeling policies that facilitate healthier choices, do not decrease overall beverage purchases, and are publicly accepted.

In an experiment on Airbnb, we

Research has documented racial or ethnic discrimination in online marketplaces, from labor markets to credit applications to housing. Platforms should therefore investigate how platform design decisions and algorithms can influence the extent of discrimination in a marketplace. By increasing awareness of this issue, managers can proactively address the problem. In many cases, a simple but effective change a platform can make is to withhold potentially sensitive user information, such as race and gender, until after a transaction has been agreed to. Further, platforms can use principles from choice architecture to reduce discrimination. For example, people have a tendency to use whatever option is set as the default. If Airbnb switched, for instance, ist default to instant book, requiring hosts to actively opt out of it, the company could reduce the scope for discrimination. It is important that discrimination and possible solutions are discussed transparently.

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