This article presents a new approach to analysing municipal waste (MSW) composition, which makes it possible to envisage sorting process efficiency and predict valuable secondary raw material (SRM) losses during sorting. The study also enables to foresee financial losses related to the quality recyclables that are reclaimed from MSW. In this article, samples from MSW delivered to Bee’ah site in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were analysed to define their composition. The novelty in this research was the mechanical and physical property analysis for the MSW components and the prediction mechanism used to foresee the possible recovery rate of a potential mechanical sorting process. The results were compared with those that would be obtained from traditional composition analysis to end up with shocking results. It was concluded that any mechanical sorting process, designed based on traditional analysis data, is mostly to face tremendous operational and financial challenges in the UAE. This is due to the input material shape, size, moisture content and other factors that change the way SRM components respond to sorting mechanisms. The study was able not only to explain the challenges faced by all the UAE sorting facilities, but also to show how to prevent such unsatisfactory performance in the future. The study concluded the reasons behind the MSW component deterioration and provided additional recommendations to extract more benefits from the new waste morphology approach.
Introduction. The article analyzes the efficiency of household waste management in Ukraine and summarizes the conclusions. The results are compared with the results in the European Union and the main differences are highlighted. The hypothesis that waste management tariffs are insufficient to stimulate change and achieve the desired waste disposal and recycling targets is considered, and conclusions are drawn. The aim of the article. The aim of the research to analyze relation between the poor household waste management results and the organizational and financial aspects in Ukraine. The reference indicators to compare with are the official reported household waste management data and the results of own research in the advanced European countries. The method. The research analyzes all the available official data, related to the household waste generation rates in the Ukrainian cities, and the treatment methods implemented to avoid their accumulation in landfills. Furthermore, this article explores into the waste management tariffs formation methods in the various Ukrainian regions, and finally, concludes the average household waste management cost per ton. Finally, the share of the household waste management cost in the annual income per ca pita in Ukraine is compared with the same ratio in three advanced European countries: Germany; Switzerland and; Netherlands. Results. The research analyzed the household waste mass flow in Ukraine and found out that more than 99% of it ends up in the landfills, while this value in European Union is less than 25%. Further analyses were conducted to understand the efficiency of the installed household waste treatment infatuation and the results showed it was unsatisfactory (less than 25%). In the final part of the research, the tariffs in Ukraine were compared to those in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands, and it was concluded that the tariffs in Ukraine are too low to justify the installation of adequate infrastructure and build sufficient sorting and recycling facilities.
The article clarifies the substantial organizational and economic risks ahead, on the way for Ukraine to meet its committed targets to transform waste management system to become in full accordance with those implemented in the European Union. Both, European and Ukrainian legislation in this regard are analyzed, categorized, and compared to highlight the core differences and identify the gaps in the ones that are implemented in Ukraine. The environmental and economic results of waste management in Germany and Ukraine revealed, that Ukraine is not demonstrating satisfactory improvement during the last 7 years since the association agreement was signed. The article identifies 5 key recommendations, that would allow Ukraine to match up with European countries in municipal waste management (household waste management according to Ukrainian classification system), these recommendation are summarized as follows: centralized legislation approach, where all essential regulations are approved by the central government and unified for all regions; promptness, and operative attitude to take all necessary actions related to waste management; guaranteeing measurability and control over each waste management stage, that should lead to creating fully informative digital database; implementing “Peeling away method” to ensure that all potential secondary raw material and high calorific value waste is reused of converted into alternative energy resources; and finally, creating comprehensive and cohesive legislative package that works all together as integrated system. Centralized/local legislative distribution analysis, and structure of public information on waste in the official portal are provided for the first time in a scientific research, to the best knowledge of the authors. “The peeling away method”, described in this article, is used for the first time as well, to explain in simple way, the European strategy to minimize the amount of waste that is sent to landfill.
Introduction. The need to pursue more active government policy for the stimulation of waste processing is causedby the necessity to prevent those threats that arise unless an environment friendly and efficient waste management system is in place.Problem Statement. Ukraine demonstrates a low level of household waste recycling, which poses a hazard to theenvironment, quality of life, and health of the population of Ukraine. The measures identified in the National WasteManagement Strategy until 2030 can be implemented by combining the organization of separate collection of household waste with the revision of the existing incentives aiming at increasing the demand for secondary resources.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to generalize the causes of low amount and rates of processing ofhousehold waste and to develop a system of economic tools for the formation of supply and demand for household waste as main factors of effective strategic waste management.Material and Methods. Qualitative analysis and generalization of theoretical material, systematization ofeconomic tools of household waste management, economic and statistical analysis, and regression analysis have been used in this research. Results. A set of tools for strategic household waste management and changes in approaches to their formation have been proposed. The formation of waste management tariff should be based on the length of the waste management chain, the structure of the collected waste, the potential for its recycling, the revised methods for forming the tariff, organizing waste sorting, andamending the list of tax payers of environmental tax.Conclusions. The household waste management in Ukraine demonstrates certain stability of the waste processing structure and the absence of dynamic transformations in response to changes in the modern economy. It needs support, in particular, the revision of the set of economic tools for stimulating waste processing and organizational approaches to their implementation.
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