Background. Persistent allergic airway diseases cause a great burden worldwide. Their pathogenesis is not clear enough. There is evidence that one of the recently described cytokine interleukin (IL) 22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Scientists argue if this cytokine acts as proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-22 level in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases caused by house dust mite (HDM) in comparison with healthy individuals and to evaluate its relationship with IL-13 and IL-10 level, symptoms score and quality of life.Methods. Patients with persistent allergic rhinitis caused by HDM and having symptoms for at least 2 years with or without allergic asthma were involved into the study. Measurements of IL-22, IL-13 and IL-10 and in serum and nasal lavage was performed by ELISA. Questionnaires assessing symptoms severity and quality of life were used.Results. A tendency was observed that IL-22 in serum and nasal lavage was higher in patients with allergic airway diseases compared to control group (14.86 pg/ml vs. 7.04 pg/ml and 2.67 pg/ml vs. 1.28 pg/ml, respectively). Positive statistically significant correlation was estimated between serum IL-22 and serum IL-10 (rs=0.57, p<0.01) and IL-13 (rs=0.44, p<0.05) level. Moreover, positive significant correlation was found between IL-22 in nasal lavage and IL-10 in nasal lavage (rs=0.37, p<0.05). There was a negative statistically significant correlation between serum IL-22 and RQLQ (rs=-0.42, p<0.05).Conclusion. Our study showed a possible anti-inflammatory effect of IL-22 in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases caused by HDM.
Background Persistent allergic airway diseases cause a great burden worldwide. Their pathogenesis is not clear enough. There is evidence that one of the recently described cytokine interleukin (IL) 22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Scientists argue if this cytokine acts as proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-22 level in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases caused by house dust mite (HDM) in comparison with healthy individuals and to evaluate its relationship with IL-13 and IL-10 level, symptoms score and quality of life. Methods Patients with persistent allergic rhinitis caused by HDM and having symptoms for at least 2 years with or without allergic asthma were involved into the study. Measurements of IL-22, IL-13 and IL-10 and in serum and nasal lavage was performed by ELISA. Questionnaires assessing symptoms severity and quality of life were used. Results A tendency was observed that IL-22 in serum and nasal lavage was higher in patients with allergic airway diseases compared to control group (14.86 pg/ml vs. 7.04 pg/ml and 2.67 pg/ml vs. 1.28 pg/ml, respectively). Positive statistically significant correlation was estimated between serum IL-22 and serum IL-10 (rs = 0.57, p < 0.01) and IL-13 (rs = 0.44, p < 0.05) level. Moreover, positive significant correlation was found between IL-22 in nasal lavage and IL-10 in nasal lavage (rs = 0.37, p < 0.05). There was a negative statistically significant correlation between serum IL-22 and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) (rs = − 0.42, p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study showed a possible anti-inflammatory effect of IL-22 in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases caused by HDM.
Background The effects of vitamin D are exerted by interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). Polymorphisms in VDR or VDBP genes may affect vitamin D levels, influencing the pathogenesis of asthma and atopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of VDR and VDBP gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), blood eosinophils and total IgE level in subjects with asthma in comparison with healthy individuals. Methods This case-control study enrolled 63 subjects with asthma (45 allergic and 18 non-allergic) and 32 healthy subjects were involved in the study. Sensitization of subjects to inhaled allergens was determined by a skin prick test, lung function was evaluated by spirometry. Blood eosinophil count was determined by standard methods. Serum 25(OH)D and total IgE levels were evaluated by ELISA. Polymorphisms in the VDR and VDBP genes on the 12q13.11 and 4q13.3 chromosomal region were analyzed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay probes. Results In asthma patients with vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) the allele G of rs11168293 of VDR was more common than in those having insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml) of vitamin D (63% and 31%, p < 0.05). Moreover, asthmatic subject with rs11168293 G allele has significant higher blood eosinophil count compared to asthmatic without the rs11168293 G allele (8.5 ± 12.3% vs. 5.1 ± 1.5%, p < 0.05). Significantly higher IgE level was found in subjects with allergic asthma with the allele A of rs7041 on VDBP gene than in those without this allele (540 ± 110 and 240 ± 80 IU/ml, p < 0.05). Conclusions The association of polymorphisms in VDBP and VDR gene, the rs11168293 G allele and the rs7041 A allele, with 25(OH)D, blood eosinophil and total IgE level in asthma, let us suggest that vitamin D, VDR and VDBP gene polymorphisms are important in pathogenesis of asthma despite its form in relation to atopy.
Background. Vitamin D and its metabolites are transported to tissues and cells bound to a specific vitamin D binding protein (VDBP also known as GC-globulin). Most biological actions of this vitamin are exerted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Polymorphisms in VDR or VDBP genes may affect vitamin D level, influencing the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of VDR and VDBP gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, blood eosinophils and total IgE level in subject with asthma in comparison with healthy individuals. Methods. In total 63 subjects with asthma (45 allergic and 18 non-allergic) and 32 healthy subjects were involved in the study. Sensitization of subjects to inhaled allergens was determined by skin prick test, lung function was evaluated by spirometry. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total IgE levels were evaluated by ELISA. Eosinophils evaluation were performed on an automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex, Japan). DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA blood mini kit. Polymorphisms in the VDR and VDBP gene on the 12q13.11 chromosomal region were analyzed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay probes. Results. We observed lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in patients with allergic asthma and non-allergic asthma compared to healthy subjects (13.96 ± 0.79 ng/ml and 15.35 ± 0.99 ng/ml vs 22.55 ± 1.23 ng/ml, p < 0.01). In asthma patients with vitamin D deficient (< 20 ng/ml) the allele G of Rs11168293 on VDR was more common than in those having insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml) of vitamin D (62.9% and 31.3%, p < 0.05). Moreover, asthmatic subject with Rs11168293 G allele has significant higher blood eosinophil count (% of leukocytes) compared to asthmatic without the Rs11168293 G allele (8.45 ± 12.27% vs 5.14 ± 1.52%, p < 0.05). Significantly higher IgE level was found in subjects with allergic asthma with the allele A of Rs7041 on VDBP gene than in those without this allele (536.4 ± 106.1 and 239.0 ± 75.8 IU/ml, p < 0.05). Conclusions. The association of polymorphisms in VDBP and VDR gene, the rs11168293 G allele and the rs7041 A allele, with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, blood eosinophil and total IgE level in asthma, let us suggest that vitamin D, VDR and VDBP gene polymorphisms are important in pathogenesis of asthma despite its form in relation to atopy.
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