Spray-dried leaf protein concentrate prepared from Red Clover and alfalfa with low or high saponin content were evaluated by studying their effect on growth and feed efficiency of broiler chicks at the 40% level. Excellent growth and feed efficiency were recorded when 40% of low saponin alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) prepared from fresh alfalfa was incorporated in the diets. Saponin in APC estimated by hemolysis test was an important factor affecting the growth, feed efficiency, and mortality of chicks. Analysis of variance showed no significant (P less than .05) difference in body weight gain between Red Clover protein concentrate and low saponin APC. A significant reduction in body weight gain of both broiler and egg type chicks was observed when 40 parts of wet alfalfa protein concentrate were incorporated in the diets. A combination of 30 parts of wet alfalfa protein concentrate (wet APC) and rice bran in a broiler diet did not adversely affect growth. Supplementation of additional vitamins did not improve gain in body weight when 40 parts of wet APC and rice bran were included in the diet. Supplementation of vitamin E seems to be crucial when higher levels of wet APC and rice bran are included in broiler diets.
Four commercial media marketed for the detection and enumeration of Clostridium perfringens were found to adequately support the growth of a pure culture (ATCC 13124) of this species but enumeration of colony-forming units was difficult on Clostrisel and lecithin-lactose-agar base (LLA) media. Colonies of C. perfringens on LLA had typical opalescent zones, a distinctive feature that can aid in presumptive identification. Colonies on sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazone and tryptose-sulfite-neomycin (TSN) agar media were morphologically similar but black colonies were observed on TSN incubated at 46 C. Extreme difficulty was encountered in enumerating enteric bacteria from the chick intestine on Clostrisel medium because of the pinpoint size of the colonies and on LLA because of the opacity of the medium. Morphological characteristics of bacteria picked from colonies which formed after these media had been inoculated with chick intestinal contents were in sharp contrast to those of the pure culture of C. perfringens. Numbers of colony-forming units were higher than documented levels of C. perfringens in the intestine of chicks. These observations led to the conclusion that these formulations are inadequate for the selective cultivation and enumeration of this bacterial species from the intestine of healthy chicks, unless used in combination with further tests for specific identification.
The nutritional value of two samples of an aerobically fermented poultry product (Fermway) were evaluated for broiler chicks. Fermway is a combination of broiler house litter and offal from a broiler processing plant. A significant (P less than .05) growth stimulation was obtained with one sample at 8 to 16% of the diet. Feed efficiency generally improved, but the effect was not significant. Gizzard weight was also significantly increased.
Experiments were conducted to study the effect subtherapeutic levels of dietary antibiotic supplementation on the growth, intestinal characteristics and bacterial populations of chicks reared on "dirty" versus "clean" water. the lack of growth response to antibiotics in a Results showed that growth response to penicillin was independent of water treatment and the magnitude of growth response ranged from 0.9 to 18.3% levels. Bursal weights were significantly increased (P<0.05) and intestinal weights significantly decreased (P<0.01) in. chicks fed penicillin. The effect of antibiotics on The lack of growth response to antibiotics in intestinal thickness and length were inconsistent while bacterial counts on Sulfite - the only common denominator to all Polymyxin-Sulfadiazine (SPS) and K.F. antibiotics is their ability to inhibit the growth streptococcus agar were unaffected by penicillin and water treatments.
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