Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the penetration of 808 and 980 nm laser light through bovine tissue samples 18-95 mm thick. Background data: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is frequently used to treat musculoskeletal pathologies. Some of the therapeutic targets are several centimeters deep. Methods: Laser light at 808 and 980 nm (1 W/cm 2 ) was projected through bovine tissue samples ranging in thickness from 18 to 95 mm. Power density measurements were taken for each wavelength at the various depths. Results: For 808 nm, 1 mW/cm 2 was achieved at 3.4 cm, but for 980 nm, 1 mW/cm 2 was achieved at only 2.2 cm depth of tissue. Conclusions: It was determined that 808 nm of light penetrates as much as 54% deeper than 980 nm light in bovine tissue.
The Port Hueneme earthquake of March 18, 1957, was the first recorded strong-motion earthquake for which the ground motion consisted essentially of a single pulse. Since all the energy of the earthquake was concentrated in one pulse, the ground accelerations and the response spectrum values were considerably larger than for more typical Pacific Coast earthquakes of equivalent magnitude. These abnormally high values are reflected in damage reports, which indicated an unusual amount of damage for a shock of magnitude 4.7.
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