(DOC), length of hospital stay (LOS), blood loss, cost and operative time were also assessed. RESULTSBoth groups showed a significant increase in mean ( SD ) maximum urinary flow rate from baseline ( P < 0.05); in the TURP group from 8.9 (3.0) to 19.4 (8.7) mL/s (154%), and in the PVP group from 8.8 (2.5) to 18.6 (8.2) mL/s (136%). The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) decreased from 25.4 (5.7) to 10.9 (9.4) in the TURP group (53%), and from 25.3 (5.9) to 8.9 (7.6) in the PVP group (61%). The trends were similar for the bother and Quality of Life scores. There was no difference in sexual function as measured by Baseline Sexual Function Questionnaires. The DOC was significantly less in the PVP than the TURP group ( P < 0.001), with a mean (range) of 13 (0-24) h vs 44.7 (6-192) h. The situation was similar for LOS ( P < 0.001), with a mean (range) of 1.09 (1-2) and 3.6 (3-9) days in the PVP and TURP groups, respectively. Adverse events and complications were less frequent in the PVP group. Costs were also 22% less in the PVP group. CONCLUSIONSThis trial shows that PVP is an effective technique when compared to TURP, producing equivalent improvements in flow rates and IPSS with the advantages of markedly reduced LOS, DOC and adverse events. A long-term follow-up is being undertaken to ensure durability of these results. KEYWORDSpotassium titanyl phosphate, laser, prostatectomy, TURP, randomized trial Study Type -Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 2b

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This trial demonstrates that PVP is effective compared with TURP, producing equivalent improvements in flow rates and IPSS with markedly reduced LOS, LOC, and adverse events. Long-term follow- up is being undertaken to assess the durability of these results.