Highlights d Environmental stiffness promotes DC inflammatory function d Tension primes DC metabolism, even without pattern recognition receptor input d TAZ bridges mechanosensory signals to DC metabolism and function d Tension directs phenotypes of human monocyte-derived DCs

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Biomaterial scaffolds have been gaining momentum in the past several decades for their potential applications in the area of tissue engineering. They function as three‐dimensional porous constructs to temporarily support the attachment of cells, subsequently influencing cell behaviors such as proliferation and differentiation to repair or regenerate defective tissues. In addition, scaffolds can also serve as delivery vehicles to achieve sustained release of encapsulated growth factors or therapeutic agents to further modulate the regeneration process. Given the limitations of current bone grafts used clinically in bone repair, alternatives such as biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as potential bone graft substitutes. This review summarizes how physicochemical properties of biomaterial scaffolds can influence cell behavior and its downstream effect, particularly in its application to bone regeneration.

In this paper, a manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) covalently functionalized graphene nanohybrid (MnPcG) has been successfully synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and used as a photocatalyst after modifying it with platinum nanoparticles via photodeposition. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. These characterization results confirmed the grafting of MnPc moiety onto the graphene sheets. The intermolecular electron transfer was facilitated and the photoexcited charges recombination was suppressed as confirmed by the fluorescence quenching and enhanced photocurrent density in MnPcG nanohybrid. In comparison to graphene, the MnPcG nanohybrid shows a substantial improvement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The yields of hydrogen production of MnPcG/Pt reached to 8.59 and 1.45 mmol mg À1 under 10 h of UV-vis and visible light (l > 400 nm) irradiation, respectively. This work demonstrates that metallophthalocyanines covalently functionalized graphene is a novel photocatalyst for solar energy conversion to produce hydrogen from water. 416 978 4526; Tel: +1 416 978 4526 † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XPS spectra of MnPcG, standard curve of UV-vis absorbance of MnPcCl and hydrogen production by MnPcG in the presence or absence of surfactant. See Scheme 1 The synthetic process of MnPcG. J. Mater. Chem. A This journal is