The agroindustry generates a large amount of waste. In postharvest, food losses can reach up to 50%. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, and β-glucans, among others. Several biological activities have been attributed to these compounds; for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gut microbiota, and immune system modulators. These properties have been associated with improvements in health. Recently, the approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The exploitation of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture has a triple objective—to provide added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. However, to make use of the waste, it is necessary to revalue them, mainly by determining their biological effects in aquaculture organisms. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes, their biological properties, and their application in aquaculture will be addressed here.
The fruit, vegetable, legume, and cereal industries generate many wastes, representing an environmental pollution problem. However, these wastes are a rich source of antioxidant molecules such as terpenes, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and bioactive peptides with potential applications mainly in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and they exhibit multiple biological properties including antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. The aforementioned has increased studies on the recovery of antioxidant compounds using green technologies to value plant waste, since they represent more efficient and sustainable processes. In this review, the main antioxidant molecules from plants are briefly described and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of conventional and green extraction technologies used for the recovery and optimization of the yield of antioxidant naturals are detailed; finally, recent studies on biological properties of antioxidant molecules extracted from plant waste are presented here.
2018) Effect of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants from mango peel (Mangiferaindica L. cv. Ataulfo) on lipid peroxidation in fish oil, CyTA ABSTRACT Antioxidant capacities of hydrophilic (phenolic compounds; H-MPE) and lipophilic (carotenoids; L-MPE) antioxidants from mango peel by ABTS and DPPH assays were determined. The ability of H-MPE and L-MPE to inhibit fish oil peroxidation by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured and compared against synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to study their antioxidant potential in the stabilization of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in the fish oil. H-MPE and L-MPE showed significantly higher antioxidant capacity than BHT (P < 0.05) by ABTS and DPPH assays. In addition, H-MPE significantly inhibited fish oil peroxidation compared with the control without antioxidant (P < 0.05), while L-MPE showed a prooxidant effect. On the other hand, H-MPE at 200 mg/L showed a similar effect than that of BHT on the prevention of fish oil peroxidation. Therefore, H-MPE could be used as a new alternative to BHT to prevent fish oil peroxidation.Efecto de antioxidantes hidrofílicos y lipofílicos de la cáscara de mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Ataulfo) sobre la peroxidación lipídica en aceite de pescado.
RESUMENLas capacidades antioxidantes de compuestos hidrofílicos (compuestos fenólicos; H-MPE) y lipofílicos (carotenoides; L-MPE) de la cáscara de mango fue determinada por los ensayos ABTS y DPPH. La capacidad de H-MPE y L-MPE para inhibir la peroxidación en el aceite de pescado fue analizada por la formación de malonaldehído (MDA) y comparada contra el antioxidante sintético butil hidroxitolueno (BHT), para estudiar su potencial antioxidante en la estabilización de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la serie omega 3 presentes en el aceite de pescado. H-MPE y L-MPE mostraron mayor capacidad antioxidante que el BHT (P<0.05) mediante los ensayos ABTS y DPPH. Además, H-MPE inhibió significativamente la peroxidación del aceite de pescado en comparación con el control sin antioxidante (P<0.05), mientras que L-MPE mostró un efecto prooxidante. Contrariamente, la concentración de 200 mg/L de H-MPE mostró un efecto similar al BHT en la prevención de la peroxidación del aceite de pescado. Por lo tanto, H-MPE podría ser usado como una nueva alternativa del BHT para prevenir la peroxidación en el aceite de pescado.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Four experimental diets were formulated with 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg of phenolic compounds (PCs) kg-1 feed, derived from mango peel. The control diet did not contain PCs. A total of 120 male zebrafish (Danio rerio) (average weight: 166 mg) were fed for eight weeks to assess the ability of PCs to prevent lipid peroxidation and enhance antioxidant status. Growth performance was calculated at the end of the experimental trial. Lipid peroxidations in muscle and antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver were evaluated at the end of the experiment. There was no significant difference in growth performance among treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in muscle were significantly lower in fish fed diets containing 50 and 100 mg of PCs per kg of feed. Incorporation of PCs into zebrafish diet did not have any significant effects on glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. However, catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly in fish with diets containing 100, 150 and 200 mg of PCs kg-1 feed. These results suggest a potential protective effect against in vivo lipid peroxidation and CAT-modulating effects.
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