Brazil ranked second only to the United States in hectares planted to genetically modified crops in 2013. Recently corn producers in the Cerrado region reported that the control of Spodoptera frugiperda with Bt corn expressing Cry1Fa has decreased, forcing them to use chemicals to reduce the damage caused by this insect pest. A colony of S. frugiperda was established from individuals collected in 2013 from Cry1Fa corn plants (SfBt) in Brazil and shown to have at least more than ten-fold higher resistance levels compared with a susceptible colony (Sflab). Laboratory assays on corn leaves showed that in contrast to SfLab population, the SfBt larvae were able to survive by feeding on Cry1Fa corn leaves. The SfBt population was maintained without selection for eight generations and shown to maintain high levels of resistance to Cry1Fa toxin. SfBt showed higher cross-resistance to Cry1Aa than to Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac toxins. As previously reported, Cry1A toxins competed the binding of Cry1Fa to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from SfLab insects, explaining cross-resistance to Cry1A toxins. In contrast Cry2A toxins did not compete Cry1Fa binding to SfLab-BBMV and no cross-resistance to Cry2A was observed, although Cry2A toxins show low toxicity to S. frugiperda. Bioassays with Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod show that they are highly active against both the SfLab and the SfBt populations. The bioassay data reported here show that insects collected from Cry1Fa corn in the Cerrado region were resistant to Cry1Fa suggesting that resistance contributed to field failures of Cry1Fa corn to control S. frugiperda.
O estudo objetiva descrever o desequilíbrio que o diagnóstico do câncer infanto-juvenil provoca nas famílias e avaliar a representatividade do diagnóstico em crianças, adolescentes e famílias envolvidas e o comportamento da equipe de enfermagem na percepção dos familiares das crianças e adolescentes acometidos. Estudo realizado na Unidade de Onco-Hematologia do HINSG, com familiares de crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com câncer. Os resultados demonstram que 20% dos familiares vivenciaram desespero; 21%, medo da morte; 39%, solidariedade; 22%, ciúmes; 19%, desprezo; 56% sofreram alterações nas rotinas. Os impactos causados envolvem aspectos físicos, psicossociais e financeiros, causando transformações e gerando desequilíbrio no convívio social e familiar. Quanto ao comportamento da equipe de enfermagem para com os familiares, 90% se apresentam solícitos e educados em relação ao atendimento das queixas dos clientes; 75,6% dos funcionários esclarecem dúvidas e atendem a solicitações. Conclui-se que uma assistência de enfermagem pautada na humanização durante o tratamento deste tipo de cliente, extensiva aos seus familiares, é de grande relevância.
Periodontitis is a disease that leads to bone destruction and represents the main cause of tooth loss in adults. The development of aggressive periodontitis has been associated with increased inflammatory response that is induced by the presence of a subgingival biofilm containing Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The flavonoid quercetin (1) is widespread in vegetables and fruits and exhibits many biological properties for possible medical and clinical applications such as its anti-inflamatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, in the present study, the properties of 1 have been evaluated in bone loss and inflammation using a mouse periodontitis model induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. Subcutaneous treatment with 1 reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced bone loss and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, RANKL, and ICAM-1 production in the gingival tissue without affecting bacterial counts. These results demonstrated that quercetin exhibits protective effects in A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontitis in mice by modulating cytokine and ICAM-1 production.
The main objective is to assess whether nebulization before gastric lavage (GL) improves its sensitivity for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB). Children and adolescents suspected of pulmonary TB were randomly assigned (1 : 2) to nebulization with hypertonic saline 30 min before GL (Neb group; n = 36) or GL without prior nebulization (controls; n = 68). The proportion of positive GL smears was greater in Neb group than in the control group; however, no statistical significance was observed (36.3% vs. 22.2%; p = 0.4). Inhalation of nebulized hypertonic saline before GL did not improve TB diagnosis in this study. Nevertheless, the validation of our data will require large longitudinal studies.
Objetivo: Comparar aspectos sociodemográficos e reprodutivos entre mulheres que induziram a interrupção da gestação e mulheres que levaram a gestação a termo, admitidas em uma maternidade pública. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle onde foram incluídas 21 mulheres que realizaram abortamento induzido e 83 que tiveram gestação a termo, no período de agosto de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa na comparação entre as freqüências dos grupos em relação à idade, cor da pele, anos de estudo, religião, renda mensal, idade da menarca, idade da coitarca, idade da primeira gestação, número de gestações, intervalo entre a última e a penúltima gestação e o número de filhos vivos. O estado conjugal casada/em união estável [OR=0,241 (IC95% 0,061 0,951)] e desejo pela gravidez [OR=0,168 (IC95% 0,042 0,669)] mostraram-se associados à ocorrência de abortamento induzido como fatores de proteção. Conclusão: Para atenuar o problema do abortamento inseguro, deve-se investir na promoção da saúde reprodutiva incentivando o acesso à educação sexual e ao planejamento familiar.
scite is a Brooklyn-based startup that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.