Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol and nicotine, when used alone or simultaneously, on the alveolar bone loss area resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Study design: Forty adult male rats received a cotton ligature in the first lower molar sulcular area, and the animals were randomly assigned to different treatments (n = 10, each group) including daily peritoneal injections of saline solution (group A), submitted to self-administration of alcohol 25% (group B), nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 μl/ml (group C), and nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 μl/ml plus self-administration of alcohol 25% (group D). Five weeks later, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples were routinely processed for semi-serial decalcified sections. Results: Ligated teeth showed more alveolar bone loss than unligated ones (p < 0.05). Unligated teeth showed no significant differences between each other (p > 0.05). Analyses between the ligated teeth showed that the group C (nicotine) or group B (alcohol 25%) each had increasing alveolar bone loss in the furcation area, and the simultaneous combination alcohol and nicotine (group D) intensified these effects (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the simultaneous combination of alcohol and nicotine have a synergistic effect in the progression of periodontitis, evidenced by increased furcation region bone destruction in periodontal disease in rats. Key words:Alveolar bone loss, periodontitis, nicotine, alcohol, rats.
ResumoIntrodução: O Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) possibilita o tratamento de cárie com o auxílio de instrumentos manuais e sem anestesia, em locais onde o acesso a consultórios é impossibilitado, e é considerada uma técnica de fácil execução. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do ART realizado pelos estudantes de graduação de odontologia em escolares de 4 a 11 anos de idade de Piracicaba-SP nos anos de 2009 e 2010, na dentição decídua, e a longevidade das restaurações em 6 e 12 meses. Método: A análise dos dados foi descritiva, e para avaliar diferença entre os grupos foi utilizado teste qui-quadrado (intervalo de confiança de 95%). Resultado: O sucesso das restaurações atraumáticas realizadas foi de 51,90% aos 6 meses e 47% aos 12 meses. A efetividade do ART variou segundo o tipo de restauração aos seis meses e aos 12 meses de reavaliação, apresentando maior sucesso em restaurações Classe I do que em restaurações Classe II (p<0,001). Conclusão: O sucesso do ART realizado por alunos de graduação foi próximo de 50% aos 6 e 12 meses, sendo significativamente melhor em cavidades Classe I nas duas avaliações.Descritores: Cárie dentária; saúde pública; cimentos de ionômeros de vidro. AbstractIntroduction: Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is a simple technique that enables the treatment of caries with hand tools and without anesthesia where clinic access is lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ART conducted in the primary dentition of 4-11-year-olds in 2009 and 2010 by graduate dental students in Piracicaba, SP, and the longevity of restorations at 6 and 12 months. Method: Descriptive data analysis was performed. Differences between groups were assessed using the chi-squared test with a 95% confidence interval. Result: The success rates of ART were 51.90% at 6 months and 47% at 12 months. Class I ARTs were more successful than class II ARTs at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Approximately 50% of ART performed by undergraduates students have succeeded and was significantly better for class I carious lesions at both evaluation time points.
Aos meus avós José e Prazeres, pelos exemplos de força, coragem, persistência e principalmente fé.À minha mãe Aldina, pelo amor e apoio incondicionais, pelo incentivo constante durante toda minha jornada e por sempre acreditar em cada conquista alcançada.Ao meu irmão Daniel, por ser meu exemplo, pelo auxílio e prontidão, não somente nesta etapa, mas em todas as fases da minha vida.Ao meu paidrasto Francisco, pelos exemplos de força, trabalho e dedicação, que se refletem até hoje no meu desempenho profissional e por ser esta figura espetacular.À minha cunhada Lilian, que me "adotou" de coração e braços abertos com tanto carinho e amor, sempre pronta a me acolher e ajudar.Ao meu sobrinho André, que trouxe mais luz e alegria a toda a minha família.A todos os familiares, pois mesmo distantes, estão sempre na torcida.
Introduction and objective: To describe, analyze, and critically review the methodology employed in dental epidemiological research available on electronic databases, evaluating their structures according to Strobe and Consort initiative. Material and methods: ISI Web of knowledge, Scopus, and Pubmed electronic databases were selected for literature research, gathering publications in dental epidemiological area using the following designs: cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, descriptive, experimental, and quasi-experimental. Subsequently, five specific dentistry journals were selected and had their abstracts content analyzed under Strobe and Consort statement criterion. Results: From a universe of 10,160 articles from Pubmed (the greatest number), only 3,198 could be classified according to their epidemiological design by the electronic database searching tool. The most common designs were cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, descriptive, experimental and quasi-experimental publications, showing a tendency towards occurring bias and confounding factors in literature research due to missing words in papers structure. Even though Consort and Strobe initiatives have been accomplished since 2001 and 2004 respectively, some publications are not suitable for their checklist. Conclusion: Consort and Strobe statements must be strengthened by dental journals, editors and reviewers to improve the quality of the studies, attempting to avoid any sort of bias or confounding factors in the literature research performed by electronic database.
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