OBJECTIVE:To analyze factors associated with physical activity and the mean time spent in some sedentary activities among school-aged children. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was carried out in a random sample of 592 schoolchildren aged nine to 16 years in 2005, in São Luís, Northern Brazil. Data were collected by means of a 24-Hour Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire, concerning demographic and socioeconomic variables, physical activities practiced and time spent in certain sedentary activities. Physical activities were classifi ed according to their metabolic equivalents (MET), and a physical activity index was estimated for each child. Sedentary lifestyle was estimated based on time spent watching television, playing videogames and on the computer/internet. Chi square test was used to compare proportions. Linear regression analysis was used to establish associations. Estimates were adjusted for the effect of the sampling design. RESULTS:The mean of the physical activity index was 605.73 MET-min/day (SD = 509.45). School children that were male (coeffi cient=134.57; 95%CI 50.77; 218.37), from public schools (coeffi cient.= 94.08; 95%CI 12.54; 175.62 and in the 5th to 7th grade (coeffi cient.=95.01; 95%CI 8.10;181.92 presented higher indices than females, children from private schools and in the 8th to the 9th grade (p<0,05). On average, students spent 2.66 hours/day in sedentary activities. Time spent in sedentary activities was signifi cantly lower for children aged nine to 11 years (coeffi cient.= -0,49 hr/day; 95%CI -0.88; -0.10) and in lower socioeconomic classes (coeffi cient.=-0.87; 95%CI -1.45;-0.30). Domestic chores (59.43%) and walking to school (58.43%) were the most common physical activities. CONCLUSIONS:Being female, in private schools and in the 8th to 9th grade were factors associated with lower levels of physical activity. Younger schoolchildren and those from low economic classes spent less time engaged in sedentary activities.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o consumo alimentar de 570 escolares de 9 a 16 anos das redes pública e privada de ensino, em São Luís (MA), matriculados da 4ª à 8ª séries, em 2005. MÉTODOS: Os dados de consumo alimentar foram coletados por meio de Inquérito Alimentar Recordatório de 24 horas. O consumo de energia, macronutrientes, vitamina A, vitamina C, ferro e cálcio foram comparados às Dietary Reference Intakes. Considerou-se o número de vezes em que os alimentos apareceram na dieta e o seu agrupamento foi feito de acordo com a proposta da Pirâmide Alimentar Brasileira. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado na análise estatística. RESULTADOS: O baixo consumo de alimentos embutidos (em torno de 6%), o adequado consumo de carnes e ovos (95,9%) e a baixa omissão do desjejum (3,2%), almoço (2,2%) e jantar (3,1%) foram aspectos favoráveis da dieta. Por outro lado, elevado consumo de biscoitos (52,6%), baixo consumo de frutas (52,6%) e hortaliças (34,4%), elevado consumo de açúcares e doces (69,4%), óleos e gorduras (65,6%), além do consumo de refrigerantes (25,8%) e sucos industrializados (35,8%) ter sido maior do que o consumo de sucos naturais (23,4%) foram aspectos negativos da dieta. Observou-se consumo insuficiente de energia em 66,3% dos escolares, de lipídeos em 30,2%, de vitamina A em 28,7%, de vitamina C em 59,2% e cálcio em 98,8%. CONCLUSÃO: Estratégias educativas para assegurar a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis devem abranger conteúdos comuns e específicos, refletindo diferenças no consumo alimentar de alunos das escolas públicas e privadas.
Objective: To describe clinical features, tomographic findings and pulmonary function in pediatric patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia (PH). Method: A retrospective cohort study of children with PH who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and prophylactic antibiotics between 2005 and 2010. Epidemiological and clinical features, computed tomography (CT) findings, and spirometric data were compared, assuming a 5% significance level. Results:We evaluated 30 patients with PH. After the start of IVIG replacement, there was a decline in the frequency of pneumonia (p<0.001). The 11 patients with bronchiectasis in their first CT scan were older at diagnosis (p=0.001) and had greater diagnostic delay (p=0.001) compared to patients without bronchiectasis. At the end of the study, 18 patients had bronchiectasis and 27 also had other lung disorders, alone or in combination. The Bhalla score was applied to the last CT scan of 16 patients, with a median score of 11 (range 7-21), with a positive correlation between the score and the number of pneumonias after the start of treatment (r=0.561; p=0.024). The score was also correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values in 13/16 patients, with negative correlation to FEV1 previously to bronchodilator (r=-0.778; p=0.002) and after bronchodilator p=0.002). Conclusion: Pulmonary complications were common in this cohort, despite the decrease in the frequency of pneumonia with treatment. Early investigation of patients with recurrent infections for primary immunodeficiencies can reduce the frequency of these complications. The monitoring of changes in spirometry may indicate the need to carry out radiological investigation.
Objective: To evaluate the wheal diameter in allergy skin-prick tests (SPT) with cow's milk extract (CM) comparing tolerant and persistent patients. Method: A retrospective cohort study involving database analysis of children with diagnosis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) mediated by immunoglobulin E in a specialized outpatient clinic that regularly performed SPT between January 2000 and July 2015. Patients were allocated into two groups: tolerant or persistent. Comparisons were made at diagnosis and over time between tolerant and persistent patients using Fisher's, Mann-Whitney or Wilcoxon tests and significance level at 5%. Results: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample includes 44 patients (29 tolerant and 15 who persisted with CMPA). In the tolerant group, the medians of SPT were: 6 mm at diagnosis and 2 mm at the development of tolerance; a significant difference (p<0.0001) was found. In the persistent group, the median SPT at diagnosis was 7 mm, while in the last SPT it was 5 mm, with no statistical difference (p=0.173). The comparison of medians in the last SPT between groups was significant (p=0.001), with a reduction greater than 50% in SPT in the tolerant group. Conclusion: Serial SPTs were useful for diagnosis, and a decrease higher than 50% in diameter can indicate the moment to perform oral food challenge (OFC) tests, helping to detect tolerance in CMPA.
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