Nanodiamonds (NDs) are amongst the most investigated carbon-based nanostructures due to their chemical stability and favorable mechanical properties. Despite the number of works on methods for NDs production, one of the main challenges is to achieve their colloidal stability in aqueous suspension. Additionally, NDs are normally obtained by expensive, complex and time-consuming process. Herein, it was presented a facile method to obtain NDs in aqueous suspension by using columnar structure diamond from Hot-Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition reactor (HFCVD). CVD diamond leftover thick film from CVDVale Company was used. Therefore, this method has the advantage of being not only practical but also cost-effective since it brings a profitable use of CVD diamond leftover. The Diamond thick film was submitted to ultrasonic cavitation in the presence and absence of ZrO 2 microbeads in aqueous medium. The NDs hydrodynamic diameter and the stability in aqueous suspension were monitored by light scattering, size and morphology were analyzed by transmission electronic microscopy. Considering the wide application of NDs in biomedical devices, cytotoxicity of aqueous suspensions of NDs was evaluated against murine embryonic fibroblast cells. Furthermore, NDs were functionalized with hydrogen and carboxyl groups. NDs aqueous suspension of straight size distribution was obtained even in the absence of ZrO 2 beads, indicating that they may be dispensable in order to decrease NDs size. NDs of average hydrodynamic diameter of 22 nm and − 35 mV of Zeta-potential were obtained after ultrasonic cavitation followed by 2 h of centrifugation, not demonstrating cytotoxicity to cells at very low (0.05-0.5 μg/mL) nor at higher concentrations (116 μg/mL). Nevertheless, NDs showed a moderate cytotoxicity at intermediary concentration range (0.5-2.2 μg/mL). From our knowledge, this is the first work that reports on a facile method for providing NDs aqueous suspension with high colloidal stability from HFCVD diamond leftover.
Diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo biomedical applicability due to their low toxicity and biocompatibility. Recent studies have focused on the potential use of DNPs as suitable vehicles to improve drug delivery in cancer treatment. The advantages of DNPs lie in their high stability and small size compared to other carbon-based nanomaterials. In this work, CVD-diamond nanoparticles (CVD-DNPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their application as a new drug delivery platform for metastatic melanoma therapy. A new synthesis technique developed DNPs from CVD diamond thin film. This type of diamond has the same physical and chemical properties as a natural diamond: extreme hardness, excellent thermal conductivity, low coefficient of friction, biocompatibility, and is chemically inert at temperatures below 800 °C. The main objective of this study was to produce CVD-DNPs by laser ablation and evaluate their cytotoxicity. A pulsed, ytterbium-doped fiber (Yb) was used to form DNPs in pure aqueous medium (Milli-Q). The final suspension was obtained at high concentration of the CVD-DNPs and was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in murine metastatic melanoma B16-F10 cells by using colorimetric assays. The characterization by FT-IR, X-Ray, DLS, RAMAN, SEM, and TEM demonstrated the successful synthesis of CVD-DNPs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 57 and 54 nm. In vitro studies performed for 24 h and 48 h resulted in 70-80% viability of cells incubated with CVD-DNPs at 250 μg/mL, which demonstrated an insignificant cytotoxic effect. Thus, these results suggest the potential use of CVD-DNPs as a drug delivery platform for antitumoral therapy.
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