The microstructure of carbon blacks is investigated by X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis. Strain anisotropy is accounted for by the dislocation model of the mean square strain in terms of average dislocation contrast factors. Crystallite shape anisotropy is modeled by ellipsoids incorporated into the size profile function. Different grades of carbon blacks, N990, N774 and N134, untreated, heat-treated and compressed at 2.5 GPa have been investigated. The microstructure is characterized in terms of crystallite size-distribution, dislocation density and crystallite shape anisotropy. Heat treatment results in increased vertical and lateral sizes of graphitic crystallites. Postproduction pressure treatment has little effect on the average sizes of the crystallites, however, it affects the crystallite size distribution function. The average sizes of the crystallites obtained by X-ray diffraction agree with those estimated from Raman spectra. Applied pressure affects the magnitude of strain within the crystallites.

The NYS HVI showed spatial variability in heat vulnerability across the state. Mapping the HVI allows quick identification of regions in NYS that could benefit from targeted interventions. The HVI will be used as a planning tool to help allocate appropriate adaptation measures like cooling centers and issue heat alerts to mitigate effects of heat in vulnerable areas.

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