Perianal warts represent a type of external genital warts, largely resulting from human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 and HPV 11 infection. While mainly transmitted sexually, this disease can also be contracted by vertical and contact transmission, especially in children where it is often transmitted through pollutants. 1 Here we report a case of recalcitrant perianal warts in child that was successful treated by local hyperthermia.
Background Melanoma is a highly invasive malignant skin tumor. While melanoma may share some similarities with that of melanocytic nevi, there also exist a number of distinct differences between these conditions. An analysis of these differences may provide a means to more effectively evaluate the etiology and pathogenesis of melanoma. In particular, differences in aberrant methylation expression may prove to represent a critical distinction. Methods Data from gene expression datasets (GSE3189 and GSE46517) and gene methylation datasets (GSE86355 and GSE120878) were downloaded from the GEO database. GEO2R was used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylation genes (DMGs). Function and pathway enrichment of selected genes were performed using the DAVID database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING while its visualization was achieved with use of cytoscape. Primary melanoma samples from TCGA were used to identify significant survival genes. Results There was a total of 199 genes in the hypermethylation-low expression group, while 136 genes in the hypomethylation-high expression group were identified. The former were enriched in the biological processes of transcription regulation, RNA metabolism and regulation of cell proliferation. The later were highly involved in cell cycle regulation. 13 genes were screened out after survival analysis and included: ISG20, DTL, TRPV2, PLOD3, KIF3C, DLGAP4, PI4K2A, WIPI1, SHANK2, SLC16A10, GSTA4O, LFML2A and TMEM47. Conclusion These findings reveal some of the methylated differentially expressed genes and pathways that exist between melonoma and melanocytic nevi. Moreover, we have identified some critical genes that may help to improve the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.
Infiltration positionUpper and mid-dermis, skin appendages not involved. InterstitialAbnormal capillaries in various stages of development, most of them are uncanalized. Atypical endothelial cell proliferation, with irregular nuclei, chromatin pattern was uneven or hyperchromatic, occasional mitotic figures occurred. Hemorrhage often can be seen. CellsNeutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells are sparse that are varied in size and shape, some with hyperchromatic nuclei. Some of the phagocytic cells contain blood pigment.
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