RESUMEN -La eutrofización es una de las problemáticas ambientales más importantes de lagos y embalses. El embalse Río Tercero (Argentina) se encuentra afectado por diversas actividades antrópicas que impactan negativamente sobre el recurso. A la hora de generar un programa de monitoreo de los sistemas acuáticos, una de las consideraciones más importante es poder definir las variables más significativas. El análisis multivariado se presenta como una herramienta alternativa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la calidad del agua y estado trófico del embalse Río Tercero, con el fin de generar bases para una adecuada gestión de los recursos hídricos. Se realizaron campañas de muestreos durante los años 2003 a 2006 donde se midieron parámetros de calidad del agua. Se determino el estado trófico del reservorio. Se realizó un análisis multivariado, generando una matriz de correlación y un análisis de componentes principales (ACP). El embalse experimentó un deterioro en su calidad, pasando desde un estado de mesotrófico a eutrófico. Se demostró que existe correlación positiva entre la clorofila-a y las variables fósforo total (r = 0.83), oxigeno disuelto (r = 0.51) y temperatura (r = 0.43). El ACP explicó el 65,6% de la variabilidad total de los datos. El análisis multivariado estableció que las variables más significativas para explicar la variabilidad en el reservorio fueron clorofila-a, fósforo total y temperatura, lo que demuestra que los florecimientos algales deberían ocurrir en las estaciones primavera-verano. Los resultados obtenidos permiten generar un programa preliminar de monitoreo y gestión extrapolable a otros recursos acuáticos. Palabras claves: Calidad del agua. Eutrofización. Análisis de componentes principales. Análisis de correlación.ABSTRACT -Eutrophication is one of the most important environmental problems in lakes and reservoirs. Río Tercero reservoir (Argentina) is affected by various human activities that impact negatively on the system. When generating a monitoring program of aquatic systems, one of the most important considerations is to define the most significant variables. Multivariate analysis was presented as an alternative tool. The aim of this study was to determine water quality and trophic status in Río Tercero reservoir, in order to generate an adequate basis for management of water resources. Sampling campaigns were conducted during the years 2003 to 2006. Water quality parameters were measured. We determined the trophic status of the reservoir. Multivariate analysis was performed, generating a correlation matrix and a principal component analysis (PCA). The reservoir experienced a deterioration in water quality, from mesotrophic to eutrophic state. It was shown that there is positive correlation between chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus (r = 0.83), dissolved oxygen (r = 0.51) and temperature (r = 0.43). The PCA explained the 65.6% of the total variability of the data. Multivariate analysis established that the most significant variables were chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus...
Water quality monitoring programs generate complex multidimensional data sets. In this study, multivariate statistical techniques were employed as an effective tool for the analysis and interpretation of these water quality data sets. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to evaluate spatial and temporal variation of water quality in Río Tercero Reservoir (Argentina). Six sampling sites were surveyed each climatic season for 21 parameters during 2003–2010. The results revealed that PCA showed the existence of four significant principal components (PCs) which account for 96.7% of the total variance of the data set. The first PC was assigned to mineralization whereas the other PCs were built from variables indicative of pollution. Hierarchical CA grouped the six monitoring sites into three clusters and classified the different climatic seasons into two clusters based on similarities in water quality characteristics.
The application of remote sensing technology to water quality monitoring has special significance for lake management at regional scale. Water clarity expressed in terms of Secchi disk transparency (SDT) is a highly useful indicator of trophic status and ecosystem health. In this study, we related Landsat TM and ETM+ data with ground observations to develop a model for the estimation of SDT which can be used as a standardized procedure for regional-scale lake clarity assessment in the central region of Argentina. Samples were taken from two reservoirs of the region. Pearson correlation coefficients and step-wise multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate correlation between Landsat bands and measured SDT. Results suggested that Landsat band 3 plus the ratio 1/3 was a consistent and reliable predictor of SDT (R2 = 0.80). The algorithm was validated (R2 = 0.81) and applied to the November 10, 2010 ETM+ image obtaining a map that characterized water clarity of reservoirs within the study area. The procedure presented here could become a low cost measurement tool for water management authorities and decision-makers, obtaining simpler and practical results for regional water clarity monitoring.
Abstract. Natural forest of Río Tercero watershed (Argentina) was replaced by urban expansion and agricultural activities causing negative impacts in water quality of Río Tercero reservoir. This paper classifies land use and land cover (LULC) in the watershed, trying to find a relationship with nutrient loads of the reservoir's tributaries. Each tributary was analysed during 2006 bimonthly for physicochemical variables. LULC was determined using a Landsat 5 TM image. Statistical analyses were carried out to identify relationships between water quality and LULC. Results suggest that urban and agricultural activities are the primary driving forces behind the variations in nutrient loads measured in tributaries. Sub-watershed most affected by human activities displayed the highest values of nutrient loads. If agricultural and urban activities continue to increase, water quality at watershed scale will decline. It is recommended the development of a global approach management plan at a watershed scale.
Concentración de clorofila-a y límite de zona fótica en el embalse RíoTercero (Argentina) utilizando imágenes del satélite CBERS-2B
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