Objectives Research has suggested people who hear voices may be at risk of epistemic injustice. This is a form of discrimination whereby someone is unfairly judged to be an unreliable knower (testimonial injustice) or is unable to contribute to, and therefore access, concepts that make sense of their experience within mainstream society (hermeneutical injustice). Voice‐hearing occurs both in people who are mental health service users and in the general population (clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers, respectively). The degree of distress and impairment associated with voices has been shown to relate to how individuals make sense of their experiences and how others respond to their identity as a voice‐hearer. The aim of this study was to explore people's experiences of epistemic injustice in relation to voice‐hearing and to understand how these may differ between clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers. Design A qualitative design was used. Method Eight clinical and nine non‐clinical voice‐hearers partook in semi‐structured interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Three pairs of themes related to (i) identity, (ii) relationships and (iii) power and position were constructed across the clinical and non‐clinical groups, and two shared themes within both groups were created relating to testimonial and hermeneutical injustice. Conclusion Both clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers described experiencing epistemic injustice in wider society. The presence of a ‘safe haven’ (e.g. spiritualist churches) for non‐clinical voice‐hearers ameliorated the impact of this to some degree, by allowing people to make connections with others with similar experiences within a non‐judgemental and accepting community.

Reflecting teams (RTs) are used in family therapy in order to introduce multiple perspectives and provide the 'difference that makes a difference'. Research suggests that reflections made by an RT may be a factor in the change process for family members. This study aims to further the understanding of the helpfulness of reflections in family therapy, thus supporting RTs to be as effective as possible. A quantitative longitudinal questionnaire method was used in order to collect data on family members' perceptions of the helpfulness of reflections made by an RT during their family therapy sessions. The results show that certain types of reflections are less helpful than others and the helpfulness of reflections was found to contribute to the change process for family members. The results are discussed along with reflections on the research process, limitations and recommendations for further research.Practitioner points • Some types of reflections made by the reflecting team are more helpful than others, so using these more helpful reflection types may optimise progress in family therapy • Reflections contribute to the change process in family therapy, therefore reflecting teams are valuable to include in family therapy sessions

Non‐violent resistance (NVR) is a systemic approach which aims to build parent agency and a positive support network around children who display destructive behaviour. Supporters play a key role in NVR, but there is limited research on how to engage them in NVR. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the members of a family’s support network on the implementation of NVR. These experiences were then interpreted in line with theories of motivation and change in order to understand how the NVR practitioner and parents can best engage with supporters in future. Eight supporters were interviewed and themes developed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The study analysis found five themes: contemplation, committing to action, looking for change, needing to cope and working within a social context. These are interpreted in line with theories of change and motivation. Clinical recommendations and recommendations for further research are discussed. Practitioner points Practitioners need to consider that taking part in NVR can be experienced by supporters in both positive and negative ways Practitioners may improve supporters’ engagement and motivation in the process by considering areas such as understanding NVR, positive communication and impact on relationships

Family involvement in mental health treatment has been shown to improve outcomes for service users. This project used a whole system‐focused action research framework and involved service users, family members and healthcare professionals to develop ways to improve family engagement in an adult inpatient mental health service. Focus groups were conducted with two service users, two family members and four healthcare professionals to discuss their experiences of family involvement and develop initial ideas. A problem‐solving group, involving service users, family members and professionals, was used to develop the solutions. The project identified context‐specific solutions to improve family engagement, which included specific training for professionals working on the inpatient wards, questionnaires to facilitate conversations with families, and sharing information about mental health and the inpatient mental health service with families. These may be helpful for other adult inpatient services.