The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
Syngonanthus mucugensis Giul. subsp. mucugensis is an herbaceous plant with significant economic value in the ornamental dry flower business. The restricted occurrence of the municipality Mucugê-BA, Brazil, exclusively associated with extractive exploitation, has considered this species as endangered. The objective of this work was to evaluate the organogenic potential of three different types of S. mucugensis subsp. mucugensis explants to promote the development of an alternative method to the propagation of the genetic resources of this important plant. The morphogenetic capacities of the leaf, stem and root this species was tested using Murashige and Skoog culture medium at half salt concentration and different concentrations of growth of regulators benzylaminopurine - BAP (0.00; 2.22 and 4.44 µM), and naphthalene acetic acid - NAA (0.00; 1.34 and 2.68 µM). The morphoanatomic events that lead to formation of shoots were described. Stems proved to be the best source of explants, showing 58.75% regeneration of shoot by direct organogenesis in the absence of growth regulators, and 32.18 and 47.55% of shoot regeneration by indirect organogenesis in the presence of 2.22 and 4.44 µM BAP, respectively. As for leaves, there was callus formation, but without regenerating shoots. Morphogenesis was not observed when roots were used as explants. The histological analyses showed that shoot regeneration in S. mucugensis subsp. mucugensis occurred both indirectly, by unorganized tissue differentiation, and directly through returning to merismatic activity in differentiated mature cells and preexisting bud proliferation.
Syngonanthus mucugensis Giul. subsp. mucugensis é uma herbácea com grande potencial de utilização no comércio de flores secas ornamentais. A ocorrência restrita ao município de Mucugê-BA, Brasil, associado à exploração extrativista tem levado essa espécie ao risco de extinção. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial organogênico de três diferentes tipos de explantes de S. mucugensis subsp. mucugensis visando ao desenvolvimento de um método alternativo para a sua propagação. A capacidade morfogênica de caule, folha e raiz foi testada utilizando o meio de cultura Murashige e Skoog com metade da concentração salina e diferentes concentrações dos reguladores de crescimento benzilaminopurina - BAP (0,00; 2,22 e 4,44 µM) e ácido naftaleno acético - ANA (0,00; 1,34 e 2,68 µM). Os eventos morfoanatômicos que levaram a formação dos brotos foram descritos. O caule demonstrou ser a melhor fonte de explante, apresentando 58,75% de regeneração de brotos via organogênese direta, em meio livre de regulador de crescimento; e 32,18 e 47,55% de regeneração de brotos por organogênese indireta na presença de 2,22 e 4,44 µM de BAP, respectivamente. Para folha, foi obtida a formação de calos sem regeneração de brotos, não sendo observada morfogênese, quando se utilizou raiz como explante. As análises histológicas mostraram que a regeneração de brotos em S. mucugensis subsp. mucugensis ocorreu tanto por via indireta, pela...
RESUMO Orthophytum mucugense é uma bromélia ornamental endêmica do município de
II Caracterização anatômica de órgãos vegetativos do mamoeiro
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