The genetic resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Michelite to races 8 and 64 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of bean anthracnose, was characterized. Crosses were made between Michelite and Mexico 222 cultivars and the F2 population was inoculated with race 64 in order to study the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose in Michelite. The segregation of F2 population fitted in a ratio of 3R:1S, showing the presence of a dominant gene in Michelite gene conditioning resistance to race 64. Allelism tests were conducted with F2 populations derived from crosses between Michelite and AB 136, AND 277, BAT 93, Cornell 49-242, G 2333, Kaboon, Mexico 222, Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MRDK), Ouro Negro, Perry Marrow, PI 207262, TO, TU, and Widusa. All the cultivars (except Mexico 222) were resistant to race 64. While F2 derived from the Michelite x Mexico 222 was inoculated with race 8. Additionally, allelism tests indicated that the gene present in Michelite is independent from Co-1, Co-2, Co-3, Co-4, Co-5, Co-6, Co-7, Co-9 and Co-10 genes. The monogenic inheritance observed in Michelite and the independence of this gene from those previously characterized allow the authors to propose that the anthracnose resistant gene in Michelite should be named Co-11
The aim of the study was to determine genetic correlations of agronomic traits and to evaluate direct and indirect effects, through path analysis, between variables analyzed with grain yield. Forty accessions of common bean, cultivated at Caceres County were evaluated, by using randomized complete blocks design with three repetitions. Coefficient magnitudes of genotypic correlations were superior to phenotypic and environmental ones for most correlations, suggesting greater influence of genetic factor than environmental factors. In order to determine the importance of direct and indirect effects, path analysis was performed, which provided greater reliability in interpretations of cause and effect between studied traits, indicating that grain yield may be explained by the effects of analyzed traits. Number of seeds per plant (0.801) and grain weight (0.641) showed higher favorable effect over grain yield, allowing its use in direct or indirect selection for grain yield in common bean.
-The objective of this work was to determine the combining ability and heterosis, for productivity and yield components, in diallel hybrids derived from crossings between BRSMG-Talismã, IPR Uirapuru, FT Soberano, BRS Campeiro, IAC Tybatã, and IPR Juriti parent cultivars. Fifteen hybrids were generated from diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals. The general and specific combining abilities were significant for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, 50-seed weight, and grain yield, indicating the occurrence of both additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The best strategy to be adopted is the use of BRS Campeiro, FT Soberano and BRSMG-Talismã cultivars in common bean breeding programs involving selection. The most promising combinations were 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'IAC Tybatã', 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'FT Soberano', 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IPR Juriti', and 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IAC Tybatã'. The parents of these hybrids presented high estimates of specific combining abilities. Hybridization of cultivars belonging to distinguished commercial groups propitiates higher heterosis values in the segregant population.Index terms: Phaseolus vulgaris, additive effects, diallel analysis, interpopulational breeding, intrapopulational breeding, nonadditive effects. Capacidade combinatória e heterose em cultivares de feijoeiro-comumResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a capacidade combinatória e a heterose, quanto à produtividade de grãos e aos componentes de rendimento, em híbridos derivados dos cruzamentos dialélicos entre as cultivares BRSMG-Talismã, IPR Uirapuru, FT Soberano, BRS Campeiro, IAC Tybatã, e IPR Juriti. Quinze híbridos foram gerados a partir dos cruzamentos dialélicos, sem os recíprocos. As capacidades de combinação geral e específica foram significativas em relação à altura de planta, ao número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por planta, número de sementes por vagem, peso médio de 50 sementes e à produção de grãos, e indicaram a ocorrência de efeitos aditivos e não aditivos. A melhor estratégia a ser adotada em programas de melhoramento que envolvam seleção é o uso das cultivares BRS Campeiro, FT Soberano e BRSMG-Talismã. As combinações mais promissoras foram 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'IAC Tybatã', 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'FT Soberano', 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IPR Juriti' e 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IAC Tybatã'. Os parentais destes híbridos apresentaram elevadas estimativas de capacidade específica de combinação. A hibridização de cultivares pertencentes a grupos comerciais distintos propicia maiores valores de heterose.Termos para indexação: Phaseolus vulgaris, efeitos aditivos, análise dialélica, melhoramento interpopulacional, melhoramento intrapopulacional, efeitos não aditivos.
RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido na unidade experimental da Empresa Mato-Grossense de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Cáceres-MT
O sistema de produção animal deve ser ecológica e ambientalmente adequado de modo a prover sustentabilidade, aliando as novas tecnologias frente aos desafios globais: alterações climáticas e bioenergia dentre outros. Este trabalho objetiva relatar a contribuição das inovações tecnológicas no manejo da pastagem e do pastejo frente às perspectivas de mudanças climáticas. A revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada por meio do portal de periódicos Capes e Biblioteca Virtual de Ciências Agrárias, utilizando pesquisa avançada com a combinação dos descritores “tecnologia do pastejo”, “manejo de pastagem”, “sistemas de pastejo”. Impactos das atividades agrícolas, emissão e sequestro de gás carbono, dieta do animal, biodigestores, sistemas integrados, efeito estufa, a pecuária e a responsabilidade social mediante o uso de inovações tecnológicas e os desafios na integração lavoura-pecuária são também discutidos. Logo, a produtividade e a sustentabilidade deve ser o fundamento para o desenvolvimento da atividade agropecuária, onde o conhecimento científico e tecnológico desempenhará papel de destaque. A sustentabilidade deve ser a base para o desenvolvimento econômico da agropecuária da através do aumento da produtividade, que reduzirá a pressão sobre o desmatamento.
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