Este artigo questiona a existência, no Brasil, de procedimento para a realização do reconhecimento criminal de pessoa a partir de vídeo de vigilância. A hipótese é de que a regulação existente não compreende as particularidades do vídeo, fazendo-se necessários aportes epistêmicos para um procedimento específico, confiável e válido. A metodologia compreende análise da legislação, revisão de literatura e pesquisa empírica qualitativa em acórdãos criminais a fim de examinar as particularidades da prática criminal. Os resultados demostram a inexistência de uniformidade procedimental e a configuração de uma valoração judicial que trata a imagem como retrato fiel da realidade

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Brazil has established the largest public kidney transplantation system in the world .46.2% of transplants in 2008 came from living donors. The vast majority of these involved relatives of the recipient; less than 8% came from unrelated donors. In 2008, Brazil's health minister proposed banning unrelated donors in kidney transplantation. A large number of the over 35,000 Brazilians on the waiting list for a kidney would be denied a transplant without the use of unrelated donors. Brazilian culture has a unique feature, the "informal family", that is not legally recognised as a "family entity and is bound by affection rather than genetic or legal ties. It is vital that Brazil establishes a regulated, standardised, and ethical system of organ procurement; creates awareness about transplantation in physicians and the public; upgrades facilities and standardises medical care, and enforces legislation for transplantation. However, outlawing the use of unrelated donors would result in injustice for many patients who seek kidneys.

This article discusses the interpretation of images by Brazilian courts and how the legal culture is part of this process. The use of the image as a means of proof differs qualitatively from the evidence traditionally applied in the judiciary, such as documents or witnesses. The image is characterized by instantaneity, emotionality, and immediacy. In addition, the media allow the construction of different meanings, implicit or explicit. The analysis varies according to the nature of the legal systems. In the adversarial legal system (Anglo-Saxon) the images are submitted to cross-examination and debated orally. In the civil law system, the role of the magistrate is preponderant, being responsible for the images’ validity. The research found that magistrates incorporate the content of their videos into their decisions based on experts’ opinions or witnesses’ testimonials who have viewed the images. This highlights a legal culture that is based on formalism and is ill-prepared to deal with the particularities of the image.

RESUMO:O presente estudo problematiza os standards probatórios ou modelos de constatação no contexto da responsabilidade civil do médico, tendo por objetivo central verificar, a partir de percepção doutrinária e estudo de casos extraídos, qual seria o grau de suficiência de prova exigível para comprovar a culpa nas ações de responsabilidade civil por erro médico. Adotou-se como referencial teórico a persuasão racional. A pesquisa demonstrou que o paciente demandante deve provar a culpa por meio do standard da prova 1 Artigo recebido em 10/07/2017 e aprovado em 04/08/2017.