Fish is an excellent irreplaceable source of animal protein, low fat and many vital micronutrients. The purpose of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition with special emphasis on the essential mineral contents of six cyprinid fish species (Cabdio ukhrulensis, Raiamas guttatus, Salmostoma sladoni, Schistura khugae, Systomus clavatus and Tor tor) of Manipur, India. Moisture, protein, lipid, ash and total amino acid (TAA) content were determined. Mineral content was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest moisture, total protein and TAA were recorded in the edible portion of T. tor (76.43±0.15%, 26.24±0.62% and 720.75±1.3 mg/100g respectively). The highest total lipid was recorded in S. sladoni (4.93±0.11%) and the ash content ranged from 7.87-14.13% is positively correlated with calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc content at the correlation co-efficiencies of 0.77, 0.63, 0.29 and 0.32 respectively. When comparing the mineral contents among the species, calcium ranges from 164.38 to 2298 mg/100g, magnesium from 58.10 to 310 mg/100g, sodium from 70 to 107.60 mg/100g, potassium from 24.92 to 137.50 mg/100g, manganese from 0.32 to 1.99 mg/100g, copper from 0.19 to 0.41 mg/100g, zinc from 0.17 to 3.47 mg/100g and iron from 7.91 to 38.04 mg/100g. According to Recommended Dietary Allowances, the species will made potential contribution of calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron in the health of human beings. This study shows diversity in essential mineral elements of the above fishes of Manipur.

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Proximate composition, total amino acid (TAA), mineral and vitamin contents of four fresh water fish species, viz., Bangana devdevi, Gagata dolichonema, Garra abhoyai and Opsarius barnoides were determined. Fish species were collected from different parts of Manipur. The highest moisture and ash content were recorded in O. barnoides (72.59±0.15% and 15.47±0.32% respectively). The highest total lipid and protein content were recorded in G. dolichonema (6.50±0.30% and 20.99±1.25% respectively); while the highest TAA was recorded in B. devdevi (462.38±1.6mg/100g). When comparing the mineral contents among the species, good amount of calcium, sodium and iron were recorded in G. dolichonema (2302.50±4.95, 110.00±0.29 and 38.04±0.03 mg/100g respectively. Vitamin A and E content were high in B. devdevi (7.04±0.07 and 4.08±0.12 mg/100g respectively). It could be concluded that, apart from other diets the four species reported from Manipur will provide a good amount of protein, TAA, minerals, vitamin A and E in human nutrition.

Using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) technique, we were able to determine the amino acid profiles of a few different types of fresh water fish. The fish were taken from various bodies of water in Manipur. Lysine, phenylalanine and isoleucine were discovered to be the most abundant essential amino acids, whereas glutamic acid, aspartic acid and serine were found to be the most abundant non-essential amino acids. Mystus ngasep had the highest values for lysine (6.220 g/100 g), glutamic acid (14.326 g/100 g), and aspartic acid (9.166 g/100 g), followed by Systomus clavatus (4.390 g/100 g) and Tor tor (4.121 g/100 g) for phenylalanine and serine. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the fishes' amino acid profiles. Quantity of amino acids was used to determine quality of amino acids as well. From these findings, we can draw the conclusion that fish are a valuable resource for providing humans with essential amino acids and high-quality protein.

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