The aim of this study was to detect class I, II and III integrons using multiplex PCR, and to analyze the role that these integrons play in mediating multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SA). The sensitivity of SA to 20 types of antibiotics was examined using the K-B method. A genomic DNA extraction kit was used for extracting genomic DNA and a high-purity 96 plasmid extraction kit was used for extracting plasmid DNA. Class I, II and III integrons were amplified using multiplex PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used for analysing amplification products. The positive rate of class I and II integrons in the plasmid DNA from SA was higher compared to that of the genomic DNA. The positive rate of class I integrons was highest in the group with multidrug resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, rifampin, imipenem, cefazolin, cefuroxime, levofloxacin and gentamicin. As regards integron detection in the plasmids from drug-resistant SA strians obtained from sputum, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, drainage fluid, excretion and urine specimens, the difference in the detection rate of class I integrons among the six types of specimens was significant. Multiplex PCR is an effective method to detect class I, II and III integrons. The SA plasmid is the main carrier transferring integrons. Integrons mediate the formation of SA multidrug resistance.
Metastasis is the main cause of increasing cancer morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism of cancer metastasis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we identified one circular RNA (circRNA) closely related to the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), namely hsa_circ_0001178. CRC patients with high hsa_circ_0001178 were more prone to have metastatic clinical features, advanced TNM stage and adverse prognosis. Stable knockdown of hsa_circ_0001178 significantly weakened CRC cell migratory and invasive capabilities in vitro as well as lung and liver metastases in vivo. Mechanistic study revealed that hsa_circ_0001178 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-382/587/616 to upregulate ZEB1 (a key trigger of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), thereby promoting CRC metastatic dissemination. Of note, ZEB1 could also increase hsa_circ_0001178 expression via physically binding to hsa_circ_0001178 promoter region. Collectively, our data uncover the crucial role of hsa_circ_0001178 in CRC metastasis, and targeted therapy based on this positive feedback ceRNA axis may be a promising treatment for metastatic CRC patients.
Parental MS diagnosis is significantly associated with MS diagnosis in adult male offspring, and adverse levels of certain risk factors are associated between offspring and parents, although these associations vary across risk factors and child sex.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.