Application of X-STRs as complements of autosomal STR application in the forensic genetics has become a tendency for kinship testing, especially in deficiency paternity cases. Recently, a novel kit of 19 X-STR loci was developed, which permitted the analysis of 19 STR in the same PCR reaction, and these markers can be clustered into seven groups for the physical linkage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allele and haplotype diversity of 19 X-STR loci in the Uygur (n = 220) and Tibetan nationality (n = 270) and to estimate the usefulness for complex kinship analysis. In the Tibetan and Uygur populations, a total of alleles of all loci were 188 and 212, with the allele frequencies ranged from 0.0037 to 0.5593 and from 0.0045 to 0.5409, respectively. Compared with previous studies, DXS10135 was the most polymorphic locus in the two population groups, whereas the least variant locus was DXS10164 in the Uygur population and DXS7423 in the Tibetan nationality. Haplotype diversity obtained in this investigation was greater than 0.9 across all LGs. This study indicated the new kit could be used as a supplementary tool in kinship testing in China. In addition, the data sets can be used as supplementary national X-STR references to enlarge the database.
X chromosome STRs (X-STRs) have been proven to be an important tool for some complex kinship analyses in recent years. A novel 19 X-STRs multiplex system named as AGCU X19 STR Kit was developed and widely used for population genetics as well as forensic case works. In this study an "Off-ladder" allele between allele 21 and allele 21.1 at DXS10135 has been observed in AGCU X19 STR Kit. The "Off-ladder" allele was about 0.4 bases longer than the allele 21 of allelic ladder of DXS10135 in AGCU X19 STR Kit. To avoid DNA profile misunderstanding or mislabeling, "Off-ladder" allele at DXS10135 was analyzed by sequencing and detected with Investigator Argus X-12 Kit, respectively. Our results showed this "Off-ladder" allele was allele 21 at DXS10135. It was caused by inaccurate allele 21 of allelic ladder of DXS10135 in AGCU X19 STR Kit.
The use of X chromosome STRs is very efficient for determining kinship in some complex paternity testing or forensic cases. Currently, a novel kit of 19 X-STR loci (DXS8378,
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