Articles you may be interested inBiofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles for high-sensitivity immunomagnetic detection of human C-reactive protein Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 252506 (2006); 10.1063/1.2207990 Brownian magnetic relaxation of water-based cobalt nanoparticle ferrofluids J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H107 (2006); 10.1063/1.2172203
Investigation of superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles by fluxgate magnetorelaxometry for use in magnetic relaxation immunoassaysSuperconducting quantum interference device-based magnetic nanoparticle relaxation measurement as a novel tool for the binding specific detection of biological binding reactions (abstract) Due to their ultrahigh sensitivity to magnetic flux, superconducting quantum interference devices ͑SQUIDs͒ are able to detect biomagnetic signals. By labeling biotargets with magnetic nanoparticles, several groups have shown that SQUIDs are promising as quantitative probes of biotargets by measuring their magnetic properties. In this work, we describe the design and construction of a high-transition-temperature radio-frequency SQUID magnetometer system for measuring the magnetic relaxation of labeled avidin. We also describe the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles coated with biotin for use in labeling the avidin. Furthermore, the specifications of the SQUID-based magnetically labeled immunoassay of avidin are explored.
The anode hole injection model is based on a surface plasmon model in which the positive charge is generated by hole injection from the anode, where it is generated via a surface plasmon mechanism resulting finally in oxide breakdown. Attempts to detect the surface plasmons can rely only on indirect observations, such as electron-energy loss, the radiative decay of the surface plasmons, or d 2 I/dV 2 measurements. These measurements show that the emission of surface plasmons is both a strong energy-loss mechanism and an electron-hole pair generation mechanism, particularly in poly-Si/SiO 2 or poly-Si/vacuum interfaces. Calculation of the surface plasmon excitation threshold energy is shown to decrease with increasing temperature and is also confirmed by experiments. Thus, the positive charge density increases and the charge to breakdown decreases with increasing temperature. We have also measured and observed the surface plasmon excitation threshold energy at the poly-Si/SiO 2 interface from the electron energy loss spectrum for the first time. The surface plasmon mechanism explains the oxide thickness and gate thickness dependence of the positive charge density and temperature dependence of the charge to breakdown. The calculated electron threshold energy to generate a positive oxide charge by the surface plasmon mechanism is E C-Si ϩ2.24 eV. Also, the origin of substrate hole current can be explained by this proposed mechanism. Therefore, the anode hole injection model based upon surface plasmons is a reasonable thin oxide breakdown model that explains measured observations.
The behaviors of a rapid rotating Bose-Einstein condensate under extreme elongation in a 2D anisotropic harmonic plus quartic trap are investigated. Due to the quartic trap, the system remains stable at high rotating velocity, Ω ≥ ω ⊥ (ω ⊥ is the radial harmonic trap frequency), and vortex lattices form even in the absence of the repulsive s-wave interaction (g). When g is present, the interplay between g and the quartic trap potential can lead to rich vortex lattice transition states as a function of Ω, to which vortex lattices vanish eventually at some higher Ω.
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