Background: Behavioral genetics identified mGlu7 as a key regulator of brain emotion circuits. Results: An mGlu7-selective, Venus flytrap domain (VFTD)-directed antagonist inhibits fear, synaptic plasticity, stress, and anxiety in rodents. Conclusion: Pharmacological blockers of mGlu7 may represent promising future anxiolytics and antidepressants in man. Significance: The VFTD region of class C GPCRs provides a promising target for computer-assisted drug design.

Our data demonstrate that S-(+)-ketamine possesses anti-inflammatory potential. Anaesthesia with S-(+)-ketamine may have beneficial effects in attenuating the CPB-induced systemic inflammatory response.

The immunoinhibitory effects of ketamine are at least in part caused by inhibition of transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1, which regulate production of proinflammatory mediators. However, signaling mechanisms different from those present in the central nervous system are responsible for ketamine-mediated immunomodulation.

A definite genetic diagnosis can be reached in nearly 80% with HCM of childhood onset. Next-generation sequencing in conjunction with a multidisciplinary cooperation can enhance the diagnostic yield substantially. This may be important for risk stratification, treatment planning and genetic counseling.