Well-definedAu−TiO 2 materials were synthesized by deposition of triphenylphosphine-protected Au 9 clusters on TiO 2 (Aeroxide P-25), pre-treated in eight different ways and subsequently exposed to two post-treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies showed that in most cases the PPh 3 ligand shell was removed upon deposition even before post-treatment, coinciding with some cluster aggregation. However, clusters deposited on TiO 2 treated using H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 showed remarkable resistance to aggregation, even after high-temperature calcination, while clusters on H 2 -treated TiO 2 showed the greatest resistance to aggregation under ozonolysis.
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