Patients and survivors of childhood cancer experience adverse effects related to the disease and its treatment. These adverse effects are associated with both physiological and psychological health. Exercise helps manage the side effects and improve the health outcomes. The objective of this umbrella review is to search the current literature in the context of exercise and physical activity as complementary interventions on pediatric cancer and to provide comprehensive information about the derived health outcomes. A literature search was conducted on the Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase databases for systematic reviews published up to January 2023. Moreover, a hand search of reference lists was performed. We included participants under 19 years of age at diagnosis of any type of childhood cancer, without restriction on the type or phase of treatment, who participated in exercise interventions. The results showed a beneficial impact on fatigue, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, activity and participation levels, psychosocial health, cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, bone mineral density, and brain volume and structure, with limited and not serious adverse effects. These findings documented that exercise interventions had a positive effect on many physiological and psychological health outcomes in pediatric cancer patients and survivors.

and consider the k th moments A k,E (p) := t mod p a Et (p) k of the Fourier coefficients a Et (p) := p + 1 − |E t (F p)|. Rosen and Silverman proved a conjecture of Nagao relating the first moment A 1,E (p) to the rank of the family over Q(T), and Michel proved that the second moment is equal to A 2,E (p) = p 2 + O p 3/2. Cohomological arguments show that the lower order terms are of sizes p 3/2 , p, p 1/2 , and 1. In every case we are able to analyze, the largest lower order term in the second moment expansion that does not average to zero is on average negative. We prove this "bias conjecture" for several large classes of families, including families with rank, complex multiplication, and unusual distributions of functional equation signs. We also identify all lower order terms in large classes of families, shedding light on the arithmetic objects controlling these terms. The negative bias in these lower order terms has implications toward the excess rank conjecture and the behavior of zeros near the central point of elliptic curve L-functions.

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Review question / Objective: To examine the effects of exercise and physical activity during and after childhood cancer. Rationale: Cancer begins with genetic change in single cells, which then grows into a mass (or tumor). This mass can invade other parts of the body and put the life of the individual at risk if left untreated. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e W o r l d H e a l t hOrganization, approximately 400.000 INPLASY 1International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols INPLASY PROTOCOLThe effects of exercise and physical activity during and after childhood cancer: an umbrella review Rapti, C 1 ; Dinas, PC 2 ; Chryssanthopoulos, C 3 ; Mila, A 4 ; Philippou, A 5 .To cite: Rapti et al. The effects of exercise and physical activity during and after childhood cancer: an umbrella review. Inplasy protocol 202270035.