Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pool estimates of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and study their drug resistance profile by evaluating the studies from Nepal. Methods: A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, and NepJOL to screen all articles on ESBL-KP published between 2011 and 2021 from Nepal. This review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Relevant data were extracted, and R language 4.2.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The pooled prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 5%, while the pooled prevalence of ESBL and multidrug resistance (MDR) in K. pneumoniae were 23% and 55%, respectively. Imipenem was the drug of choice (in vitro) against ESBL-KP infection. Conclusion: Our analyses showed a high prevalence of ESBL-KP and their high resistance toward commonly used drugs. This study highlights the need for the development of new antibiotics for the management of ESBL-KP infections.
Mushrooms are widely known for their therapeutic properties, which can be attributed to the secondary metabolites they produce. This study aims to evaluate different phytochemical constituents of two saprophytic mushrooms, namely Schizophyllum commune Fr and Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze, collected from forest around Phulchowki, Lalitpur, Nepal. The total phenolic, flavonoid, vitamin C, β-carotene, and lycopene contents of S. commune were found higher than M. xanthopus (143.21 ± 0.003 vs. 108.45 ± 0.112 mg GAE/100 g; 91.55 ± 0.121 vs. 49.72 ± 0.073 mg QAE/100 g; 26.67 ± 0.015 vs. 3.15 ± 0.170 mg AA/100 g; 0.036 ± 0.001 vs. 0.013 ± 0.002, and 0.026 ± 0.002 vs. 0.01 ± 0.004 mg carotenoid/g; respectively) in the methanolic extracts. This study suggests that these mushrooms might have some medicinal values.
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