We found a probable association of long sleep duration and higher mortality; however, it could reflect an underlying systemic or neurological disease that cause sleep fragmentation, deterioration in quality and micro-awakenings.
Early life stress can be caused by acute or chronic exposure to childhood events, such as emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and neglect. Early stress is associated with subsequent alterations in physical and mental health, which can extend into adolescence, adulthood, and even old age. The effects of early stress exposure include alterations in cognitive, neuropsychological, and behavioral functions, and can even lead to the development of psychiatric disorders and changes in brain anatomy. The present manuscript provides a review of the main findings on these effects reported in the scientific literature in recent decades. Early life stress is associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders, mainly mood disorders such as depression and risk of suicide, as well as with the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder. At the neuropsychological level, the involvement of different mental processes such as executive functions, abstract reasoning, certain memory modalities, and poor school-skill performance has been reported. In addition, we identified reports of alterations of different subdomains of each of these processes. Regarding neuroanatomical effects, the involvement of cortical regions, subcortical nuclei, and the subcortical white matter has been documented. Among the telencephalic regions most affected and studied are the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Understanding the impact of early life stress on postnatal brain development is very important for the orientation of therapeutic intervention programs and could help in the formulation and implementation of preventive measures as well as in the reorientation of research targets.
Introducción: El síndrome de Fahr se define como la presencia de calcificaciones simétricas bilaterales de predominio en los ganglios de la base (principalmente núcleo estriado). Se considera primario cuando la etiología es genética, que también se conoce como enfermedad de Fahr; y secundario si se encuentran alteraciones metabólicas, endocrinas, exposición a radiación, infecciones, alteraciones vasculares, enfermedades mitocondriales u otras siendo de las más frecuentes: hipoparatiroidismo y pseudo hipoparatiroidismo. La enfermedad de Fahr es una patología de origen genético, poco frecuente en pediatría, que se asocia con trastornos del movimiento, neuropsiquiátricos y cognitivos. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un niño de 9 años con evidencia en tomografía computarizada (CT) cerebral de calcificaciones ganglio basales simétricas bilaterales. En la literatura existen muy pocas descripciones de este hallazgo en pediatría. Clínicamente presentaba epilepsia, distonía de la mano derecha, déficit cognitivo leve y alteración progresiva de la marcha y del habla. Se diagnosticó clínicamente como una enfermedad de Fahr, dada la ausencia de otras alteraciones metabólicas o endocrinológicas, sin estudio genético, y se inició tratamiento con levodopa-carbidopa para el manejo de la distonía con evidencia clínica de mejoría, y se indicó programa de rehabilitación integral. Conclusiones: El hallazgo de calcificaciones ganglio basales simétricas bilaterales, debe llevar a descartar alteraciones endocrinológicas o metabólicas; en el caso de que no se presenten se deben manejar de manera integral, todas las posibles manifestaciones relacionadas en el ámbito cognitivo, psiquiátrico, motor, del habla y otros.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.