The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cognitive function damage in chronic schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome (MS); 388 patients were divided into two groups: MS group (180 people with schizophrenia and MS) and non-MS group (208 people with schizophrenia but without MS). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) were used to evaluate clinical symptoms and drug adverse reaction. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function. There was no significant change in PANSS (p = 0.53) and TESS score (p = 0.26) between the MS group and the non-MS group. However, RBANS total scale score as well as attention, immediate memory, and delayed memory scores in the MS group were significantly lower than those in the non-MS group (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in visuospatial skill (p = 0.07) and language scores (p = 0.08) between the two groups. Besides, course of disease, triglyceride, antipsychotic drug type, systolic pressure, negative symptom factor, and education level showed a notable significance for cognitive function damage in turn. MS might aggravate injury of cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia, especially in immediate memory, delayed memory, and attention.
ObjectiveThis study was intended to explore the relationship between level of serum phosphate and prognosis in septic patients.MethodsData were obtained from the public database, which were divided into 2 subgroups according to whether they were complicated with chronic kidney disease. Initial values of serum phosphate were extracted from patients on admission to hospital. Propensity score-matched analysis was performed. The relationship between hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphatemia and the severity of the disease in septic patients was explored separately. The lowess smoothing technique and the Kaplan-Meier method were utilized for a preliminary analysis of serum phosphate levels in relation to in-hospital mortality and 28-day survival. The initial values of serum phosphate were graded as level 1 (<1.5 mg/dL), level 2 (1.5-2.7 mg/dL), level 3 (2.7-4.5 mg/dL), level 4 (4.5-5.5 mg/dL), level 5 (5.5-6.5 mg/dL), level 6 (6.5-7.5 mg/dL) and level 7 (> 7.5 mg/dL). Multivariate logistic regression and cox regression was used to analyse the relationship between serum phosphate levels and mortality.ResultsThere were 4059 cases (17.4%) combined with chronic kidney disease, including 419 cases (10.3%) with hypophosphatemia and 1091 cases (26.8%) with hyperphosphatemia. There were 19224 cases (82.6%) not combined with chronic kidney disease, including 3769 cases (19.6%) hypophosphatemia and 2158 cases (11.2%) hyperphosphatemia. After propensity score-matched, in-hospital mortality, 28-day mortality, risk of septic shock was significantly higher in the 2 subgroups of hypophosphatemia patients than in normophosphatemia patients. In-hospital mortality, 28-day mortality, risk of septic shock, occurrence of renal replacement therapy, occurrence of acute renal failure, and maximum clinical score were all significantly higher in the 2 subgroups of patients with hyperphosphatemia than in patients with normophosphatemia. Multivariate logistic regression was consistent with cox regression results. In septic patients without chronic kidney disease, hypophosphatemia was an independent risk factor for death. When serum phosphate was lower, the risk of death was higher. In all septic patients, hyperphosphatemia was an independent risk factor for death. When serum phosphate was higher, the risk of death was greater.ConclusionsBoth hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia are associated with increased mortality in septic patients and are independent risk factors for death.
ObjectiveTo explore the incidence rate and the differences of clinical manifestations of organic personality disorders with varying degrees of craniocerebral trauma.Materials and methodsAccording to the International Classification of Diseases-10, 1,027 subjects with craniocerebral trauma caused by traffic accidents were reviewed, the degrees of craniocerebral trauma were graded and those with personality disorder after craniocerebral trauma were diagnosed. The personality characteristics of all patients were evaluated by using the simplified Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI).ResultsThe incidence rate of organic personality disorder after all kinds of craniocerebral trauma was 33.1%, while it was 38.7 and 44.2% in the patients after moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the patients after mild craniocerebral trauma (18.0%) (P < 0.05). Compared with the patients without personality disorder, the neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness scores all showed significantly differences (P < 0.05) in the patients with personality disorder after craniocerebral trauma; especially the conscientiousness scores showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the patients with personality disorder after moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma. The agreeableness and conscientiousness scores in the patients with personality disorder after moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma were significantly lower than that after mild craniocerebral trauma, and the patients with personality disorder after severe craniocerebral trauma had lower scores in extraversion than that after mild craniocerebral trauma.ConclusionThe severity and area of craniocerebral trauma is closely related to the incidence rate of organic personality disorder, and it also affects the clinical manifestations of the latter, which provides a certain significance and help for forensic psychiatric appraisal.
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