The most appropriate surface treatment to enhance gingival connective tissue formation on the abutment of dental implants remains undefined, with healing associated with a scar-like response. We have previously shown that topographies with an arithmetic average of the absolute profile height deviations (Ra) = 4.0 induces an anti-fibrotic phenotype in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by causing nascent adhesion formation. With bacterial colonization considerations, we hypothesized that a lower Ra could be identified that would alter adhesion stability and promote a matrix remodeling phenotype. Focal adhesions (FAs) area decreased with increasing roughness, although no differences in cell attachment or proliferation were observed. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein levels were significantly reduced on Ra = 3.0 and 4.0 vs. 0.1 (p < 0.05), with incorporation of α-SMA into stress fibers most prominent on Ra = 0.1. Fibronectin protein levels were reduced on 3.0 and 4.0 vs. 0.1 (p < 0.05), and Ra = 1.5 and deeper significantly altered fibronectin deposition. Addition of exogenous TGF-β3 increased HGF adhesion size on 0.1 surfaces, but not on any other topography. We conclude that Ra = 1.5 is sufficient to reduce adhesion size and inhibit α-SMA incorporation into stress fibers in HGFs, but 3.0 is required in the presence of exogenous TGF-β3. Our findings have implications for inhibiting fibrotic tissue formation surrounding percutaneous devices such as dental implants.
Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of the black tea theaflavins (TFs) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) which cause the dentin caries. Methods (1) Broth dilution method was used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). (2) Mixed bacterial suspension with three different concentrations of TFs and recorded pH values before and after anaerobic incubation. (3) Scanning electron microscopy was used for observing bacteria morphology. Results (1) The MIC and MBC were 0.5mg/ml and 1.0mg/ml respectively. (2) With the increasing concentration of TFs, the ability of bacteria to produce acid gradually decreased. (3) TFs changed the shape of S. mutans. Conclusions Theaflavins inhibits S. mutans effectively.
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