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Soft tissue artefact (STA) represents one of the main obstacles for obtaining accurate and reliable skeletal kinematics from motion capture. Many studies have addressed this issue, yet there is no consensus on the best available bone pose estimator and the expected errors associated with relevant results. Furthermore, results obtained by different authors are difficult to compare due to the high variability and specificity of the phenomenon and the different metrics used to represent these data. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: firstly, to propose standards for description of STA; and secondly, to provide illustrative STA data samples for body segments in the upper and lower extremities and for a range of motor tasks specifically, level walking, stair ascent, sit-to-stand, hip- and knee-joint functional movements, cutting motion, running, hopping, arm elevation and functional upper-limb movements. The STA dataset includes motion of the skin markers measured in vivo and ex vivo using stereophotogrammetry as well as motion of the underlying bones measured using invasive or bio-imaging techniques (i.e., X-ray fluoroscopy or MRI). The data are accompanied by a detailed description of the methods used for their acquisition, with information given about their quality as well as characterization of the STA using the proposed standards. The availability of open-access and standard-format STA data will be useful for the evaluation and development of bone pose estimators thus contributing to the advancement of three-dimensional human movement analysis and its translation into the clinical practice and other applications.

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The 21 September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (M w 7.6) occurred on eastdipping shallow thrust faults that produced a high-relief surface rupture. Extraordinary surface breaks appeared that could be clearly traced for about 100 km across many counties. These thrust faults, the Chelungpu and Shihkang, are part of an active fold-and-thrust belt related to ongoing recent arc-continent collision. Measurement of slip vectors along the earthquake rupture indicates that the orientation of the maximum shear stress changed from a westward direction (N70-90ЊW) on the Chelungpu fault to a northwestward direction (N30-40ЊW) on the Shihkang fault. The stress field underwent a clockwise rotation of about 40Њ during the Chi-Chi earthquake. Near-rupture vertical displacements in the hanging wall of the Shihkang fault have more cumulative displacement than on the Chelungpu fault, which is consistent with Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. Maximum vertical offset on the rupture was found to be about 10 m by the surficial rupture and GPS measurements. In addition, analysis of crustal deformation by GPS measurements on the hanging wall defines a coseismic uplift related to a fault ramp structure. Our synthesis of geological and geodetic analyses shows the importance of ramp structures associated with thrust faults for generating large earthquakes and provides a general framework for understanding earthquake in fold-and-thrust belts. Large surficial coseismic uplift and strong asperities appear to be a function of fault ramp geometry. Our analysis also indicates that, in general, ramp structures in fold-andthrust belts may have a high potential in generating large earthquakes.