Springtails (Collembola) are unique in Hexapoda for bearing a ventral tube (collophore) on the first abdominal segment. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the functions of the ventral tube, its fine structure has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this paper, we observed the jumping behavior of the clover springtail Sminthurus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) and dissected the ventral tube using light microscopy to elucidate the fine structure and the possible function of the ventral tube. The results show that a pair of eversible vesicles can be extended from the apical opening of the ventral tube. The eversible vesicles are furnished with numerous small papillae, and can be divided into a basal part and a distal part. The eversible vesicles have a central lumen connected to the tiny papillae and leading to the body cavity. The eversible vesicles can reach any part of the body, and may serve as following functions: (a) absorbing moisture; (b) uptaking water; (c) cleaning the body surface; and (d) fastening the body on a smooth surface.
According to the opinions of specialized doctors, being able to accurately make diagnosis with both the regions and types of stroke is very important, and with these information available, only then medical treatments can be applied properly. However, for any delay treatment or misdiagnosis, it is very likely as the key attributed to the fatal death of the patients. Currently, there are a lot of researches on the development of many methods with application of MRI for diagnosis of brain stroke out there already. However, in this paper, CT image is used to diagnosis brain stroke. And, we use laws' mask to extract texture feature on the CT image, and further to input them into our proposed iterative Fuzzy LDA (iFuzzyLDA) method for classification. Next, we will make classification of four different features (stroke, CSF, gray and white matter), as well as to put a link among them, in order to get better accuracy for diagnosis. Experimental result shows our method has a good accuracy, and be able to precisely help the doctors for marking out the regions of brain stroke. In addition, it can be verified that the accuracy rate of our method is up to 90% through object-level consistency error (OCE) method.
By means of perturbation and decoupled calculations, we obtained the following conclusion: In Kerr spacetime, all components of massless particle field of arbitrary spin can be decoupled. Using Kinnersley null tetrad, we proved that only two components of neutrino field and two components of electromagnetic field can be seperated with respect to its variables (r,θ) and the other decoupled equation cannot be separated.
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