Herpesviruses establish long-term latent infection for the life of the host and are known to cause numerous diseases. The prevalence of viral infection is significantly increased and causes a worldwide challenge in terms of health issues due to drug resistance. Prolonged treatment with conventional antiviral drugs is more likely to develop drug-resistant strains due to mutations of thymidine nucleoside kinase or DNA polymerase. Hence, the development of alternative treatments is clearly required. Natural products and their derivatives have played a significant role in treating herpesvirus infection rather than nucleoside analogs in drug-resistant strains with minimal undesirable effects and different mechanisms of action. Numerous plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria-derived compounds have been proved to be efficient and safe for treating human herpesvirus infection. This review covers the natural antiherpetic agents with the chemical structural class of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, anthraquinones, anthracyclines, and miscellaneous compounds, and their antiviral mechanisms have been summarized. This review would be helpful to get a better grasp of anti-herpesvirus activity of natural products and their derivatives, and to evaluate the feasibility of natural compounds as an alternative therapy against herpesvirus infections in humans.
Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) is a key molecular chaperone for centromere protein A (CENP-A), which is essential for chromosome separation during mitosis and cell cycle regulation. Recent studies have identified the essential role of HJURP in carcinogenesis. Abnormal upregulation of HJURP expression has been observed in various human cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), bladder cancer, and breast cancer, and is associated with poor pathologic development and prognosis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HJURP mainly exerts oncogenic functions by regulating the cell cycle, cellular senescence, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The purpose of this review was to evaluate the prognostic significance of HJURP in human cancers and summarize anti-tumor studies targeting HJURP. The factors regulating HJURP in carcinogenesis and the corresponding effects are also discussed to provide new insight into targeting HJURP as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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