Spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome (SCI-IDS) is a disorder characterized by systemic immunosuppression secondary to SCI that dramatically increases the likelihood of infection and is difficult to treat. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells regulated by chemokine receptor CCR7 are associated with SCI-IDS after acute SCI. The present study explored the roles of CCR7 in SCI-IDS occurrence and immune microenvironment composition. Gene expression profile data of peripheral blood leukocytes from SCI and non-SCI subjects were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. According to differential gene expression analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and risk model construction, the CCR7 expression level was prominently related to acute SCI and CCR7 expression was significantly downregulated after acute SCI. Next, we constructed a clinical prediction model and used it to identify patients with acute SCI. Using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we discovered that immune-related biological processes, such as T cell receptor signaling pathway, were suppressed, whereas chemokine-related signaling pathways were activated after acute SCI. Immune infiltration analysis performed using single sample GSEA and CIBERSORT suggested that Tfh cell function was significantly correlated with the CCR7 expression levels and was considerably reduced after acute SCI. Acute SCI was divided into two subtypes, and we integrated multiple classifiers to analyze and elucidate the immunomodulatory relationships in both subtypes jointly. The results suggested that CCR7 suppresses the immunodeficiency phenotype by activating the chemokine signaling pathway in Tfh cells. In conclusion, CCR7 exhibits potential as a diagnostic marker for acute SCI.
A technique is presented to amplify the voltage response of thermopile optical detectors. It is based on the parallel combination of multiple operational amplifiers. The background noise of the voltage response has been deceased, which significantly improves the repeatability of the measurement results. Thus, this technique enables the same detector to measure weaker optical power or irradiance at the same precision level. The corresponding amplifying circuit is designed and fabricated. For the same detector, the experimental results show that the standard deviation of the background noise of the combined n op-amps is about
1
/
n
lower comparing with the conventional single op-amp scheme, which is consistent with the theoretical expectations. Furthermore, the lasers of 10 μW and 1μW were also measured by the specific detector and the amplifier circuit. For a 10 μW response, the measurement repeatability of the 8-combined op-amps is about 1.4%, which is better than the 3.3% of a single op-amp. For 1 μW laser, the measurement result of voltage response of the 8-combined op-amps can be precisely quantified; however, the result of the single op-amp is hardly distinguished. The presented technique based on multiple op-amps is practical and can be potential in many applications. We hope this technique could offer help for expanding the measurement ranges of thermopile optical detectors at weaker optical power and irradiance.
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