A new protocol for the synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione derivatives is described via a one-pot three-component condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, dimedone or 1,3-cyclohexanedione and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by SnO 2 nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The SnO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDAX). The advantages of the protocol are the shorter reaction time, simple work-up procedure and reusable catalyst.
Graphical AbstractKeywords New protocol Á 2H-indazolo [21-b]phthalazinetrione Á SnO 2 nanoparticles Á Solvent-free Á Heterogeneous catalyst Á Reusable catalyst Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.