Health Care Professionals (HCPs), including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and paramedics, are a high-risk group for influenza infection due to their continuous exposure to patients having a known or unknown history of influenza-like illnesses. Influenza vaccination is the most effective method of primary prevention. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers associated with influenza vaccination among HCPs at tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. A multicenter analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. All statistical analyses were conducted in R software. A total of 400 HCPs were enrolled, and among these, 67% had a high level of knowledge and 65.5% had a positive attitude towards influenza vaccination. About 51% of HCPs adopted good practices leading to influenza vaccination. Results identified major barriers for influenza vaccinations, including unfamiliarity with vaccine availability (RII = 0.760), insufficient staff for administering the vaccine (RII = 0.649), lack of proper storage (RII = 0.625), safety concerns (RII = 0.613), and cost of vaccine (RII = 0.602). More than half of the HCPs showed a high level of knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice against influenza vaccination. Despite the positive Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) scores and published guidelines, a very low percentage of HCPs were vaccinated against influenza. Many hindering factors were associated with influenza vaccination.
Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease belongs to the family Poxviridae and Orthopoxvirus genus. Transmission of monkey pox is through direct contact with infected animal and blood. Human to human transmission occur through respiratory route but previously so many studies are conducted to prove that monkey pox viruse was not transmitted through the respiratory route both in animals and humans. But now monkey pox is able to survive in humans due to genetic changes and human to human transmission is possible. Because it can be used as bioweapon, So there is a great need of having an antiviral drug which is effective against monkey pox virus.ST 246 proved effective in vivo and in vitro in infected animals and trials done safely on non-infected humans but no data is available about the effectiveness of ST 246 on monkey pox or Orthopox infected human treated with ST 246.
ABSTRACT… Background: Breast is a very vital organ of a female's body and females are very conscious about it as they will be depressed if they have any disease or illness related to this organ. So prevention of diseases related to breast is very important. One of the vital screening techniques for early detection of breast cancer is Breast self-examination, thus knowledge and consistent practice can protect females from severe morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding breast self-examination (BSE) among Post RN nursing students in Lahore. Study Design: Cross sectional stud design and stratified random sampling technique was used. Setting: Lahore school of nursing, The University of Lahore and Saeeda Waheed College, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. Period: February 2015 to June 2015. Methods: Close ended questionnaire was used. Data was collected from post RN nursing students of Saeeda Waheed College and The University of Lahore. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: The responder knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination was (100%). 66.7% subjects said an ideal technique of doing breast self-examination is inspection and palpation both. 61.5% said breast self-examination done by palpate with minimum of three fingers. 42.3% said yes Because, I don't think it is important. 34.6% subjects said they have performed breast self-examination before and 65.4% no performed breast self-examination. Conclusion: This study showed that nurses have knowledge regarding Breast Self-Examination but do not show positive attitude toward Breast Self-Examination. This study also shows that nurses do not practicing of Breast self-examination. Key words:Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Breast Cancer, Breast Tumors, Breast SelfExamination Article Citation: Umbreen G, Jabeen C, Riaz MS. Breast self-examination (BSE); knowledge, attitude and practice regarding among post RN nursing students in Lahore.
Background: Breast is a very vital organ of a female’s body and females are veryconscious about it as they will be depressed if they have any disease or illness related to thisorgan. So prevention of diseases related to breast is very important. One of the vital screeningtechniques for early detection of breast cancer is Breast self-examination, thus knowledge andconsistent practice can protect females from severe morbidity and mortality of breast cancer.Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding breast self-examination(BSE) among Post RN nursing students in Lahore. Study Design: Cross sectional stud designand stratified random sampling technique was used. Setting: Lahore school of nursing, TheUniversity of Lahore and Saeeda Waheed College, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. Period:February 2015 to June 2015. Methods: Close ended questionnaire was used. Data was collectedfrom post RN nursing students of Saeeda Waheed College and The University of Lahore. Datawas analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: The responder knowledge of breast cancerand breast self-examination was (100%). 66.7% subjects said an ideal technique of doing breastself-examination is inspection and palpation both. 61.5% said breast self-examination done bypalpate with minimum of three fingers. 42.3% said yes Because, I don’t think it is important. 34.6%subjects said they have performed breast self-examination before and 65.4% no performedbreast self-examination. Conclusion: This study showed that nurses have knowledge regardingBreast Self-Examination but do not show positive attitude toward Breast Self-Examination. Thisstudy also shows that nurses do not practicing of Breast self-examination.
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