Intercellular nutrient and signal transduction are essential to sustaining multicellular organisms and maximizing thebenefits of multicellularity. It has long been believed that red algal intercellular transport of macromolecules is preventedby the protein-rich pit plug within pit-connections, the only physical connection between cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and recombinant green fluorescence protein (rGFP) of various molecular sizes were injected into vegetativecells of Griffithsia monilis using a micromanipulator, and intercellular transport of the fluorescent probes was examined.Pit-connections were found to provide intercellular transport of tracers at rates comparable to plasmodesmata in otherorganisms. The time necessary for the transport to an adjacent cell was dependent on the molecular size and the directionof the transport. Fluorescent dextran of 3 kDa was transported to adjacent cells in 1–2 h after injection and migratedto all cells of the filament within 24 h, but fluorescent dextran of 10–20 kDa took 24 h to transfer to neighboring cells. Themigration occurred faster towards adjacent reproductive cells and to apical cells than basally. Fluorescent tracers above40 kDa and rGFP was not transported to neighboring cells, but accumulated near the pit plug. Our results suggest thatpit-connections are conduit for macromolecules between neighboring cells and that these size-specific conduits allowintercellular communication between the vegetative cells of red algae.
Abstract:Estrogen deficiency results in a reduction of skin quality and function in postmenopausal women. Over the past decade, many studies have supported that estrogen provides anti-aging effects as a result of the ability of estrogen to prevent skin collagen decline, restore skin elasticity, and increase skin hydration in postmenopausal women skin. Due to their structural similarity with estrogen, isoflavones have been called phytoestrogens. Photoprotective effects of isoflavones are well established while their estrogenic-like activities are not fully understood in human skin. In this study, we investigated whether daidzein, an effective isoflavone, has phytoestrogenic activity and induces transcriptional change of extracellular matrix components in dermal fibroblasts. We examined the luciferase activity of daidzein and β -estradiol using transiently transfected NIH3T3-ERE cells. The estrogenic receptor-dependent transcriptional activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner when treated with daidzein, with a maximum of 2.5-fold induction at 10 µg/mL of daidzein compared with non-treated control. In addition, daidzein significantly in creased the expressions of collagen 1) † 주 저자 (e-mail: misunkim@lgcare.com) 2014 type I, collagen type IV, elastin, and fibrillin-1 in human dermal fibroblasts. By comparing with the effects of β -estradiol through out all the experiments, we confirmed that daidzein had estrogenic activity and function in fibroblasts. These results suggest that daidzein-based application, having both photoprotective and phytoestrogenic effects, may be a powerful approach for skin anti-aging of postmenopausal women.
Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the influence on education effect by satisfaction level of untact real-time education for childcare teacher-executed by the Support Center for Childcare- with mediacy of teacher’s efficacy and to provide basic data required in managing education program by the Support Center for Childcare Methods The objects of this study were 204 childcare teachers working at daycare centers in Gyeonggi-do. The survey for satisfaction level of real-time untact education, education effects, teacher’s efficacy was performed from 11 March to 24 March in 2022. Excluding some outlying data, 202 samples was analyzed for this study, and data analyzing tool was SPSS WIN 22.0 program for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, difference analysis, correlation analysis, and mediating effect analysis. Results First, satisfaction level of real-time untact education, education effect and teacher’s efficacy shows high position. Second, among several variables of childcare teacher, number of real-time untact education increases their efficacy for education. Third, between satisfaction of real-time untact education, education effect, and teacher’s efficacy, statical correlation was verified. Fourth, relation between real-time untact education satisfaction and education effect, teacher’s efficacy functions as a mediating parameter. So, plan or alternative for increasing teacher’s efficacy is required. Conclusions Through this study, we were able to confirm the high satisfaction and educational effects of real-time untact education at the Support Center Childcarere and the mediating effects of teacher efficacy. This can be used as a basic data for the efficient operation of childcare teachers' education at the Support Center Childcarere, and there is an empirical implication in the need to improve the teacher's sense of efficacy.
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